1. Outdated Social structure (ancien regime) Crop Failures Deficit spending (results in taxing) Humanism- the individual In the Middle Ages the focus was on the Church and religion Silk Road- silk, gunpowder, paper Monsoon Marketplace- spices, silk, Buddhism West Saharan Trade- Gold and Salt They provide water for humans, plants and animals. Floods leave behind Silt Water for trade Bellringer Why were River Valleys a good place to settle down? Name two different Trade routes and an item traded along it What was the focus of the Renaissance? How did this differ from the Middle Ages? What are the causes of the French Revolution?

2. Chinese Review

3. geography China has a varied geography including mountains, deserts, jungles and ocean coast line. These geographic features keep China isolated and fairly protected from invasions.

4. Chinese Geography The mountains and ocean keep China isolated, and it creates a unique culture They used Terrace Farming to grow crops on the mountains The Chinese began to think of themselves as superior to all others, they were ethnocentric Terrace Farming- cut out flat areas to stop the crops from washing away

5. The Chinese developed the Mandate of Heaven to explain the power of the Emperors. A Mandate from heaven meant that God had chosen that family to rule. The Mandate of Heaven helped explain the dynastic cycle. Dynasties

6. Tang and song There have been many dynasties in Ancient China, but the Tang and Song are very important. These Dynasties bridged the gap between the past and present and continued many cultural behaviors and traditions: -Civil Service Exam -Confucian Values -Developed Block Print -Conquered Korea, Vietnam and Tibet -Built the Grand Canal (1,104 miles) Why would the Grand Canal be important to a nation like China?

7. Mongols The Mongols were a nomadic group that conquered much of Asia, including India, Russia and China. Kublai Khan defeated the Song Dynasty and began the Yuan Dynasty. During Mongol control the Chinese were kept inferior in society. They were denied the best jobs, required to keep their hair long and in a braid, and they were denied access to the military. The Mongols did create more trade, resulting in much cultural diffusion and economic improvements (Pax Mongolia)

8. Cultural Diffusion The Chinese spread their culture throughout Southeast Asia, especially Korea and Japan. Korea, known as the cultural bridge, helped Chinese government, goods and beliefs sweep into Japan. However, the Japanese were selective adopters, and though they absorbed Chinese government and Buddhism, they never accepted the civil service exams or Chinese writing.

9. Chinese Inventions The Chinese are responsible for many inventions that we often contribute to the West: -gunpowder -paper -moveable type -Silk -magnetic compass Many of these technologies spread across Eurasia through Silk Road trade.

10. Confucius Confucianism is not a religion, but a belief system that stresses social order. Confucius spread the idea of the five relationships: 1.Government to governed 2.Husband to wife 3.Father to son (children) 4.Older brother to younger brother 5.Friend to friend He also stressed filial piety (respect for elders) Confucius believed hard work would pay off, and developed the civil service exam to find qualified government employees

11. Communism The Chinese government was split between the Communists and nationalist parties in 1935. The Communists were forced into exile on the Long March, tracked and killed by the nationalists. After World War II, Mao Zedong won control of China and established the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Communist China has recently opened up to Capitalist ventures, bringing money and foreign investment into China

12. China’s Human Rights Issues -Political Oppression -The Great Firewall -One Child Policy -Laogai Camps -Organ Trade -Tibet

13. Forced Urbanization article Read the Upfront magazine article on China’s newly passed forced urbanization measures. As you read think about the following questions: -Why is the Chinese government allowed to move these people? -Does it make economic sense to move the people? -What challenges with relocated farmers face?