1. OSS’ 04 OSINT and Global Issues 13 April 2004 Joe Mazzafro APL STILO
OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF) OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM (OIF) INTELLIGENCE LESSONS LEARNED how OSINT can help
OSS’ 04 OSINT and Global Issues
13 April 2004
Joe Mazzafro
APL STILO
UNCLASSIFIED

2. What Are We Going To Talk About?
What Have We Observed?
What Have We Learned?
What Have We Relearned?
What Do We Need?
What Do “We” Think This All Means?
How Open Source Can Help
What Would I Like You To Take Away?
UNCLASSIFIED

3. The conflict in Afghanistan has taught us more about the future of our military than a decade of blue ribbon panels and think-thank symposiums. These past two months have shown that an innovative doctrine and high-tech weaponry can shape and dominate an unconventional conflict George W. Bush 11 Dec 01
UNCLASSIFIED

4. National Security Advisor’s Five Lessons Learned from OEF
Wars of consequence are not relics of a bygone era
There is a need to enhance homeland security; the military has a role in guarding CONUS
We have to deny sanctuary to terrorists
Terrorists and other adversaries can not achieve access to weapons of mass destructions
Global terror demands a global [coalition] solution
Condoleza Rice SAIS on 29 Apr 02
UNCLASSIFIED

5. OIF Intelligence Lessons Learned
JFCOM: SPEED KILLS; Intel (along with logistics had trouble keeping up with the speed of advance
BOB SCALES: NEW STYLE OF WAR
Smaller unit size, more maneuverability, increased fire power
Own the clock
Cultural Awareness needed to contextualize Situational Awareness
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6. What Have We Observed? The importance of Intel Prep of the Battlefield
The positive effects of persistent ISR
The importance accurate and available geospacial information
The significant value added of “eyes on target”
The dramatic impact of EBT and the ability to dynamically retarget
There is a both a “home” and an “away”element to fighting terrorism
Internet is Al Qeda’s C2ISR backbone
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7. What Have We Learned?
Effective use of multiple ISR systems requires management and is comms intensive
MASINT is an effective tool when operationalized
Technical sensors are not well suited for fixing people in time and space
High demand/low density systems continue to negatively impact operations
The poor interface between foreign and domestic intel in our IC
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8. What Have We Learned (cont.) ?
We lack basic intelligence on places where we are likely to fight
Geography, economy, political power structure, bios
There are quality issues with certain IC products
Its hard to share classified intelligence with coalition partners
Reach Back for Intelligence didn’t work
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9. What Have We Relearned? The importance of ALL source analysis
Integration/interoperability is the necessary condition for data sharing; THEN YOU HAVE TO WANT TO SHARE
You have to understand what is not happening too
Intel is competing with ops & log for bandwidth
Open Sources are always there
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10. What Do We Need?
More UAVs, especially ones that can be controlled by tactical ground units
Improved tactical SIGINT against cell phones and
Tools for video exploitation
Better data mining tools and regimes
Inexpensive reliable ground sensors
A better system for tracking maritime cargo
Everybody says they need more HUMINT
Language skills; cultural analysis Agents?
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11. What Do We Need? (Continued)
The means to deploy an optimal mix of terrestrial, air breathing and space based ISR assets
Dedicated fusion centers for engaged forces with state of the art integration and display tech; more smart push
Intel architectures, conops, TTPs, and systems training (this is too complicated for OJT!)
UNCLASSIFIED

12. What Do “We” Think This All Means?
HUMINT is often oversold
As weapon sys become more “intel centric” the importance of ISR increases proportionately
The concept of “shooter to sensor” is emerging
Speed matters
Intel foot print forward must be reduced
Knowledge is like productivity: means you can do more with less
IC no longer has a monopoly on relevant info
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13. How can Open Source Help?
Provide context for understanding classified reporting
Instant competitive analysis
Fill data gaps;provide external QA
Reduce size of intel footprint
Availability and shareability
Adversary perceptions and reactions if not intentions
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14. What Would I Like You To Take Away?
Think of Intel as a modern gun director
OSINT is an important input
When the IC doesn’t deliver, Operators will find other sources
IC’s monopoly is over
Its not All Source without OPEN SOURCE
Good Intel is like air, comms, and avgas:
YOU DON’T MISS IT UNTIL YOU DON’T HAVE IT
UNCLASSIFIED