1. Nonverbal Communication
Communication without words; a process by which an individual stimulates meaning in the mind of
another person through intentional and unintentional messages through use of the body and voice

2. Everything except the WORDS.
It includes:
SOUNDS
BODY LANGUAGE
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

3. Functions of Nonverbal Behavior

4. RELATES to verbal communication
It often accompanies a person’s words.

5. Repeat or REINFORCE
Nonverbal message conveys the same idea as the verbal; can take either verbal or nonverbal message away and it still gives the same message
Examples: saying “Hello” while waving or saying “Be quiet” while holding index finger up to your mouth

6. Nonverbal goes against verbal; they do not match up
"I'm fine."
Contradicts
Nonverbal goes against verbal; they do not match up
Examples: Nodding yes while shaking head no, saying “I’m fine” when your head is hanging down with slumped shoulders, etc.
Note: Which is more believable when verbal and nonverbal behaviors are contradictory? Why?

7. nonverbal message replaces verbal message; (also called emblems)
Substitute
nonverbal message replaces verbal message; (also called emblems)
Examples: waving to say hello, thumbs up for “good job,” clapping at a concert, hitchhiker thumb

8. Complement
Nonverbal supports verbal; used to show how to do something, show sizes, or emphasize emotional feelings; we complement the verbal message with the nonverbal message when demonstrating something or giving directions & pointing (also called illustrators)
Examples: “The fish was this big” while holding hands out to indicate size or “I’m so frustrated!” while shaking fists

9. Accent Use of gestures & facial expressions to emphasize or punctuate spoken words (also called illustrators) Examples: yelling “That’s it!” while pounding fist, emphasizing words through tone of voice, saying “My first point…” while holding up one finger

10. Regulate
Nonverbal cues that control or regulate the interaction of flow of communication between ourselves and another person (Called regulators)
Examples: nodding head and saying “uh huh,” giving eye contact, opening mouth to speak, leaning forward, raising eyebrows, or raising index finger

11. Conveys EMOTIONAL and RELATIONSHIP dimensions of a message

12. Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
SUBCONSCIOUS: most often; not aware of the message. we process and interpret on this level.
CONTEXTUAL: dependent upon the situation
AMBIGUOUS: open to interpretation and can be confusing
CULTURAL: dependent upon culture

13. Characteristics of a Positive Professional Image
CONFIDENCE
POISE
ASSERTIVENESS
IMMEDIACY

14. Voice: human sound
Communication through voice (vocal cues other than words = paralanguage) such as…
Pitch
Inflection
Volume
Tone
Rate
Pause
Silence
Laughter
Vocalizations

15. BODY TALK
visual messages we send with our physical presence

16. Personal Appearance DRESS: attire
GROOMING: hygiene, smell, hair, shaving, etc...

17. Kinesics:
The study of human movement and gesture, including facial expression & eye contact
POSTURE: how you hold yourself
MUSCULAR TONE/TENSION: shows comfort level

18. Also: Movement and Gestures
MOVEMENT: way you walk or move
GESTURES: movement of any part of the body

19. Also: Facial communication
EYE COMMUNICATION: contact, regulate interaction, provide space
DIRECT eye contact often viewed as honesty/integrity

20. Affect displays Nonverbal behaviors used to communicate emotions Examples: hugging someone to express love or shaking fist at someone to show anger

21. Adaptors
Nonverbal behaviors that help us to satisfy a personal need and adapt to the immediate situation; not really intending to communicate meaning
Examples: scratching mosquito bite, adjusting glasses, combing hair, pulling hanging thread of clothing, etc.

22. ENVIRONMENTAL CUES
the way you use space, distance and territoriality

23. Communication through the use of space
Proxemics:
Communication through the use of space
Territoriality- fixed area that is occupied, controlled and defended by a person or group as their exclusive domain; regulates social interaction; can be source of conflict; indicates ownership (permanent or temporary)

24. Zones of Space: Intimate: 0- 1 and ½ feet Personal: 1 and ½ - 4 feet
Social: 4-12 feet
Public: Beyond 12 feet

25. TERRITORY: people may identify a space, claim it, and protect it
TERRITORY: people may identify a space, claim it, and protect it. SENDS A MESSAGE!
TOUCH: Rules and norms have shifted. Watch it!

26. CHRONEMICS: TIME communication
How you use time sends strong messages about YOU, your PERCEPTIONS of others, your relationships with them and your ATTITUDE about responsibilities.

27. ARTIFACTS: articles of adornment for you or your surroundings
OBJECTS: all the materials you keep in your space
COLOR: highly associated with emotions and meanings
FRAGRANCE/ODOR: sense of smell is directly linked to emotion and memory