1. Communication

2. MEANING OF COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION IS THE BASIC ELEMENT OF HUMAN INTERACTION THAT ALLOWS PEOPLE TO ESTABLISH,MAINTAIN AND IMPROVE CONTACTS WITH OTHERS

3. DEFINITION
THE WORD “COMMUNICATION” IS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN WORD “COMMUNICARE”
OR “COMMUNICO”
BOTH OF WHICH MEANS “TO SHARE”
. COMMUNICATION IS DEFINED
AS AN EXCHANGE OF FACTS,IDEAS,OPINIONS OR EMOTION BY TWO OR MORE PERSONS

4. COMMUNICATION PROCESS
ELEMENTS
1.Referent
2.Sender
3.Message
4.Channel
5.Receiver
6.Feedback

5. LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
INTRAPERSONAL
INTERPERSONAL
TRNSPERSONAL
PUBLIC

6. CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION
ON THE BASIS OF RELATIONSHIP
formal
informal
ON THE BASIS OF FLOW
downward
upward
horizontal

7. contd ON THE BASIS OF EXPRESSION VERBAL oral written NONVERBAL
IT INVOLVES
FACIAL EXPRESSION
BODY POSTURE
TOUCH
EYE CONTACT
PERSONAL APPEARANCE
GESTURES

8. NATURE OF COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION INVOLVES
Interchange of facts and thoughts
a two- way process
continuous or never-ending process
pervasive function
to create mutual understanding

9. OBJECTIVES OF COMMUNICATION
TO INFORM
TO EDUCATE
TO MOTIVATE
TO RELATE
TO PROMOTE
TO ENTERTAIN

11. Factors Influencing communication
Developmental level
Gender
Sociocultural differences
Roles and responsibilities
Space and territoriality
Physical mental and emotional state
Values
Environment

12. Using therapeutic communication in the helping relationship
It doesn’t occur spontaniously
Presence of unequal sharing of information
The ralationship is built on patient’s needs
Clear sense of professionalism in the dealings.
It is a dynamic process
Purposeful and time limited
Insists on professional accountability

13. Phases of helping relationship
Orientation phase
Working phase
Termination phase

14. Orientation phase Patient will call the nurse by name
Patient will accurately describe the roles of the participants in the relationship
Pt and nrs will establish an agreement about
-goals of relationship
-location, frequency, and length of contacts
-duration of relationship

15. Working phase Patient will actively participate in the relationship
Patient will coopereate in activities that work toward mutually acceptable goals
The patient will express feelings and concerns to the nurse

16. Termination phase
Patient will participate in identifying the goals accomplished or the progress made toward goals
The patient will verbalize feelings about the termination of the relationship

17. Factors promoting effective communication within the helping relationship
Warmth and friendliness
Openness and respect
Empathy
Honesty authenticity and trust
Caring
Competence
Comfortable environment
Privacy
Confidentiality

18. PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
Identify clearly what is to be communicated
Set the climate according to the goal
Consider the individuals possible reaction
Be aware of the nonverbal communication
being transmitted
Time of the message should be according to the convenience of others

19. contd Wait for feedback from other individuals
(This will aid in determining whether or not
the message has been correctly understood)
Listen and observe, give full attention during receiving and interpreting the message. do not interrupt the response
Look for implied meaning of other individual

20. contd Evaluate the effectiveness of communication
process in achieving the goals intended

21. INTRODUCTION
Communication is an essential component of survival for all creature. Even plants communicates. Research says,
“Trees communicate with chemical message
Animals and birds with sound and movement
Master communicator Human being with use of language”

22. MEANING OF COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION IS THE BASIC ELEMENT OF HUMAN INTERACTION THAT ALLOWS PEOPLE TO ESTABLISH,MAINTAIN AND IMPROVE CONTACTS WITH OTHERS

23. DEFINITION
The word “communication” is derived from the Latin word “communicare”
Or “communico”
Both of which means “to share”
. Communication is defined
As an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotion by two or more persons

24. Definition
It is the art of transferring or exchanging information ideas or thoughts easily and correctly through verbal or non-verbal language .
It is a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols , signs, or verbal behavior

25. COMMUNICATION PROCESS
ELEMENTS
1.Sender
2.Message
3.Channel
4.Receiver
5.Feedback

27. Communication is a Series of Experiences of
Seeing
Hearing
Taste
Touch
Smell

28. WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? Communication the exchange of information
Is dynamic [changing]
Never-ending
Usually purposeful
Influenced by feelings and value.

29. HOW TO RECEIVE COMMUNICATION
WoRDS
Vision
60%
30%
Hearing
10%
Content

30. Nature of communication
C. involves interchange of facts and thoughts from one person to another
C . Is a two way process involving sending of a message and receiving the reaction to the message
C . Is a continuous or never ending process

31. Objectives of communication
To inform
To educate
To motivate
To integrate
To relate
To promote
To entertain

32. COMMUNICATION PURPOSES.
Social
Therapeutic
Relationship development
Giving information
Clarifying
Conveying feeling.

33. Levels of communication
Intrapersonal C. : it is a powerful form of communication that occurs within the individual
e.g. self talk
Interpersonal C. it is the interaction between two people or in a small group and that is face to face
e.g. problem solving, sharing ideas, decision making

34. Transpersonal C. it is the interaction which occurs with in a personal spiritual domain.
e.g. prayer, meditation ,religious rituals
Public C. it is an interaction with audience or a large group of people
e.g. giving lecture to the students, health education

35. Classification of communication
On the basis of relationship
On the basis of flow
On the basis of expression
formal
Informal
verbal
Non verbal
Oral
downward
upward
Horizontal
written

36. Communication process
Message
Sender
Receiver
Feed back

37. Communication process
Interpersonal
Variables
Channel:
Referent
Referent
MESSAGE
VERBAL/ NON-VERBAL
RECEIVER
SENDER
FEEDBACK
ENVIRONMENT
Communication process

38. Referent : referent motivates one person to communicate with another
E.g. sound, color, objects, emotions, ideas etc. initiate communication

39. Sender
Sender is the person who encodes and delivers the message . C. begins with the sender

40. Message
Message is the body or subject matter of C. it contains words, symbols, pictures or some other form, which will make the receiver to understand the message

41. Channel
Channel is the medium through which the message passes from the sender to the receiver

42. Receiver
Receiver is the person who receives and decodes the message

43. Feedback
The reaction, reply, or response , which the receiver of the message send back to the sender

44. Interpersonal variables
These are the factors within both the sender and the receiver that influence C.

45. Environment
It is the setting for sender and receiver interaction

46. Types of communication
1. VERBAL
Uses of spoken or written words including vocal qualities like loudness, tone, pitch of voice.
2. NON-VERBAL
Eye contact
Body language
Facial expressions
Silence
Vocal cues
Touch
Appearance
Postures and gait
Gestures etc.

47. Barriers in Communication (that have to do with the COMMUNICATOR)
Unwillingness to say things differently
Unwillingness to relate to others differently
Unwillingness to learn new approaches
Lack of Self-Confidence
Lack of Enthusiasm
Voice quality
Prejudice

48. Disagreement between verbal and non-verbal messages
Negative Self Image
Lack of Feedback
Lack of Motivation and Training
Language and Vocabulary

49. External Barriers in Communication
Environment
The venue
The effect of noise
Temperature in the room
Other People – Status, Education
Time

50. Barriers in Communication (that have to do with the RECEIVER)
Selective Perception
Unwillingness to Change
Lack of Interest in the Topic/Subject
Prejudice & Belief System
Personal Value System
internal & external factors

51. Barriers in Communication (that have to do with the COMMUNICATOR)
Unwillingness to say things differently
Unwillingness to relate to others differently
Unwillingness to learn new approaches
Lack of Self-Confidence
Lack of Enthusiasm
Voice quality
Prejudice

52. Barriers in Communication (that have to do with the COMMUNICATOR)
Disagreement between verbal and non-verbal messages
Negative Self Image
Lack of Feedback
Lack of Motivation and Training
Language and Vocabulary Level
Lack of Self Awareness

53. Barriers in Communication (that have to do with the RECEIVER)
Selective Perception
Unwillingness to Change
Lack of Interest in the Topic/Subject
Prejudice & Belief System
Rebuttal Instincts
Personal Value System
Here-and-Now internal & external factors

54. External Barriers in Communication
Environment
The venue
The effect of noise
Temperature in the room
Other People – Status, Education
Time

55. 5 Basic reasons we Do Not Listen
Listening is Hard Work
Competition
The Rush for Action
Speed differences (120 wpm v/s 360 wpm)
Lack of Training

56. 4 Levels of Listening The Non-Listener The Marginal Listener
The Evaluative Listener
The Active Listener

57. Improving Listening Skills
By not being Preoccupied
Being Open Minded & Non Defensive
Minimizing Interruptions
Effective Listening is: Hearing, interpreting when necessary, understanding the message and relating to it.
By Asking Questions

58. TYPES OF BODY LANGUAGE Remember that you are dealing with “PEOPLE”
(P)OSTURES & GESTURES
How do you use hand gestures? Stance?
(E)YE CONTACT
How’s your “Lighthouse”?
(O)RIENTATION
How do you position yourself?
(P)RESENTATION
How do you deliver your message?
(L)OOKS
Are your looks, appearance, dress important?
(E)PRESSIONS OF EMOTION
Are you using facial expressions to express emotion?

59. COMMUNICATION 7% WORDS 38% PARALINGUISTIC 55% BODY LANGUAGE
Words are only labels and the listeners put their own interpretation on speakers words
38% PARALINGUISTIC
The way in which something is said - the accent, tone and voice modulation is important to the listener.
55% BODY LANGUAGE
What a speaker looks like while delivering a message affects the listener’s understanding most.

61. mullersworkshop_sivaku

63. Guidelines for effective communication
Clarify ideas before communicating
Examine the true purpose of the communication
Consider the setting of the communication
Consult with others when appropriate in planning communication
Be mindful of the non-verbal messages you send

64. cotd Communicate something helpful
Follow up on communication, feedback of some form is necessary
Be sure your actions support your communication
Be a good listener.

65. FOLLOW LADDER L - LOOK AT THE OTHER PRESON,MAINTAIN EYE CONTACT
A - ASK APPROPRIATE QUESTIONS.
D - DON”T INTERRUPT
D - DON”T CHANGE THE SUBJECT
E - EXPRESS EMOTIONS WITH CONTROL
R - RESPONSIVELY LISTEN

66. Communication barriers
Barriers arising from the linguistic capacity of the sender and the receiver
Barriers arising from the emotional or psychological status of the sender and receiver
Barriers arising within the organizational structure

67. contd Barriers arising from the individuals
Barriers arising from the environmental factors
Mechanical
Geographical distance
Noise

68. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN HOSPITALS
Periodical talk between employer and employees
Sign posts for the patients and the general public
Staff conference to get suggestions and for decision-making
Social gathering to improve interpersonal relationships.

69. contd Employ counseling in problem-solving
Standing orders and protocols
Hand book for general information
Manuals(poicy,procedure)
Bulletin boards.

70. CONCLUSION
WITHOUT COMMUNICATION THERE CAN BE NO ORGANISATION, FOR THERE IS NO POSSIBILITY THEN OF THE GROUP INFLUENCING THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE INDIVIUAL
HERBERT SIMON

71. THANKS IN AN ATMOSPHERE
OF OPEN COMMUNICATION THE EMPLYEES WILL BE MORE COMMITTEDTO THE ORGANISATION