1. Values
Values: collective ideas about what’s right or wrong; good or bad; desirable or undesirable by a particular culture

2. Robin Williams Core American Values
Individualism = overarching value
Value Clusters
Achievement and success
Activity and work
Efficiency and practicality Science and progress
Material comfort
[Education 1975]

3. Robin Williams Core American Values
Value Cluster
Equality and Equal Opportunity
Democracy
Freedom and liberty (free
enterprise)
Humanitarianism and morality
[religiosity; romantic love 1975]

4. Robin Williams Core American Values
Contradictory Values
Racism and group superiority
(logical outcome of individualism)
EQUITY
strains -- change

5. American Values Emerging Values Leisure Self-fulfillment
Physical fitness
Youthfulness
Environmental concerns

6. Culture Strain Ideal -------real culture Culture Strains Cheating-- ex
Moral Holidays/Moral Holiday places
Culture Wars

8. Symbols and Language
Essential to Culture

9. Symbols anything which meaningfully represents something else
Creates shared meanings; powerful feelings  

10. Alphabets
ABCDEFGHIHKLOMNPQUSTUVWXYZ

19. Language
set of symbols that expresses ideas and allows people to communicate
Creates visual images
SG: allows shared past, present and future
Complex goal directed planning
Cumulative human experience – can go beyond the immediate
Shared and new perspectives

20. Sapir-Whorf Thesis
language predisposes its People to think and perceive in certain ways, to shape reality by what we notice and how we designate:

21. Verbal – Oral and Written
Symbols grammar A,B,C structure/form
Argot – specialized language
insider status –”glues and excludes”

22. Non-Verbal Powerful Intentional or unintentional Visual cues
Verbal cues -tone, inflection
Environment and context

23. Types of Non Verbal Communication
Symbolic Action
powerful gestures
EX. Black power salute 1968
draft card burning
lynching
bra burning at Miss America

27. Types of Non Verbal Communication
Body Language
1. Facial Expressions – universal
Ekman
BUT what triggers the emotion
acceptable responses = cultural
2. gestures – relative, must be learned
staring, eye contact
3. demeanor – tied to relative social power
4. dress

33. Key ideas - Hall
Body language/non verbal language is LEARNED – by observation & imitation
We learn what’s appropriate for gender, ethnicity, class, regions, race

34. “Non verbal communications signal to other members of your own group what kind of person you are, how you feel about others, how you’ll fit in and work in a group, whether you’re anxious, the degree to which you feel comfortable with the standards of your own culture as well as deeply significant feelings about the self…”

35. Non Verbal Communication -space
Space and proximity
personal space distance needed for safety
we react to invasion
Intimate distance – w/in 18 “ – spouses, lovers, close friends
“get out of my face!
Personal distance – immediate area that one claims as private 18”-4’
Social distance – 4’-12’ formal relationships
Public distance – over 12’

37. Contradictory Messages - paradox
Can’t decipher meaning – get two meanings or cues
Must interpret cues to determine behavior or response
Not the same a lack of clarity or misunderstanding
Ex. flirting