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Published byIra Wheeler Modified over 9 years ago
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1 Study of Life
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2 What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Living things are called organisms Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals
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3 All Living Things Share Common Characteristics 1. Have Cellular organization 2. Are made from Chemicals 3. Obtain & Use Energy 4. Grow & Develop 5. They Reproduce 6. Respond To Their Environment
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4 Characteristics of Organisms
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5 1. All Organisms have Cellular organization Cells are the smallest living unit of an organism
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6 2. Made of chemicals
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Chemicals Chemicals are anything made of matter The smallest unit of matter is the atom Atoms are the smallest unit to make up an element 7
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8 Chemical Groups Carbohydrates (provide short-term energy) Lipids (provide long-term energy & insulation) Proteins (provide movement) Nucleic acids, esp. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries the genetic code for all organisms
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9 3. Cells Require Food & Energy
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10 Food Requirements Autotrophs can make their own food –Most use the sun Heterotrophs can NOT make their own food –They must consume other organisms All organisms use energy, called ATP
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11 4. Organisms Grow & Develop
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12 Growth & Development Organisms GROW by producing more cells and by cell enlargement Organisms DEVELOP as they mature into an adult organism
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13 5. Reproduction – 2 types Sexual Reproduction Involves 2 parents Genetically different Asexual Reproduction Involves a single organism or cell Genetically identical
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14 6. Organisms Respond to Stimuli Organisms respond to stimuli (temperature, water, food supplies, etc.) in order to survive & reproduce
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15 4 Needs of Living Things 1. Water Most cells contain Most cells contain 2. Food For energy For energy 3. Living Space For protection & maintaining #4 For protection & maintaining #4 4. Stable Internal Conditions
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16 Homeostasis Homeostasis: Keeping the internal environment of the cell or organism within the ranges required for life Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc. How do we remain stable??
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17 Levels of Organization AtomsMoleculesOrganelles Cells – life starts here TissuesOrgansSystemOrganism
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