1. Study of Biology

2. Think: How can you tell if something is alive?

3. What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things
Living things are called organisms
Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals

4. All Living Things Share Common Characteristics
Basic Unit is the Cell
They Reproduce
All Based On Universal Genetic Code (DNA)
Grow & Develop

5. Common Characteristics
Obtain & Use Materials & Energy
Respond To Their Environment
Maintain A Stable Internal Environment
AS A GROUP, Living Things Evolve, That Is They Change Over Time

6. Characteristics of Organisms

7. Definition – biology:
The study of life
bio = life
ology = the study of
All living things – 8 life functions

8. 1.Transport:
- absorption and circulation of materials

9. 2.Respiration:
- chemical process
- how we obtain energy from food

10. exhale 3. Excretion: - removal of metabolic (cellular, liquid) wastes
deamination

11. 4. Synthesis: (to make)
- chemical activity
- smaller molecules  bigger molecules

12. #5 Regulation:
- control and coordination of life activities
- Nervous System + Endocrine System = Regulation

13. 6. Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits

14. Two Types of Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Involves 2 parents
Egg fertilized by sperm to make a ZYGOTE
Offspring DIFFERENT from parents

15. Two Types of Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Involves a single organism or cell
Cell divides
Offspring IDENTICAL to parent

16. Cells Have a Genetic Code

17. Genetic Code
DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) carries the genetic code for all organisms
All organisms contain DNA
DNA codes for the proteins that make up cells & do all the work

18. 7. Growth

19. Growth & Development
Organisms grow by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT
Organisms develop as they mature into an adult organism

20. 8. NUTRITION: Cells Require Food & Energy

21. Ingest:
- taking in of food 21

22. - breaking down of food to absorb nutrients
Digest:
- breaking down of food to absorb nutrients 22

23. - removal of undigested food (solid)
Egest:
- removal of undigested food (solid) 23

24. Tuesday September 11 AIM: How do organisms stay “healthy?”
DO NOW: you have 7 MINUTES to complete the living/nonliving chart!
-Go around the room and find 5 living and 5 nonliving “things” and tell me 3 REASONS WHY you decided each was alive or not!
HW: Vocabulary Worksheet

25. Food Requirements Autotrophs can make their own food
Photoautotrophs use sunlight to make food (photosynthesis)

26. Food Requirements Heterotrophs can NOT make their own food
They must consume other organisms
Herbivores eat plants
Carnivores eat meat
Omnivores eat plants & animals

27. Metabolism Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism
All require energy
Sunlight is the ultimate energy for life on Earth

28. metabolism growth synthesis regulation nutrition excretion transport
Two Key Words – Life Functions:
A. Metabolism: All 8 life functions working together to sustain life – A Species must do all of them!
growth
synthesis
regulation
metabolism
nutrition
excretion
transport
respiration
reproduction

29. Homeostasis
Keeping The Internal Environment (Homeostasis) Of The Cell or Organism Within The Ranges Required For Life
Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc.

30. September 12, 2012 AIM: To understand the 8 life functions
DO NOW  : 1. Take out HW
2. THINK: What do you think would happen if an organism FAILED TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS???
HW: STUDY: Life Functions QUIZ tomorrow

31. Life Functions Practice Questions
The passage of salts into and out of cells is most closely associated with the life process
a. transport
b. respiration
c. reproduction
d. digestion

32. Life Functions Practice Questions
Stained yeast were added to a paramecium culture, and some of the yeast were ingested by the paramecium. This activity is most closely associated with which life function?
A)  synthesis
B)  regulation
C)  nutrition
D) growth

33. Life Functions Practice Questions
When do green plants carry on cellular respiration?
(HINT: WHEN do living organisms need energy?)
a. only during the night
b. only during the day
c. during both the night and the day
d. neither during the night nor during the day

34. Life Functions Review Questions
Every single-celled organism is able to survive because it carries out
a. metabolic activities
b. autotrophic nutrition
c. heterotrophic nutrition
d. sexual reproduction

35. Life Functions Review Questions
One characteristic of all living things is that they
a. develop organ systems
b. produce identical offspring
c. maintain internal stability
d. synthesize only inorganic matter

36. Life Functions Review
The removal of carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes from an organism illustrates the life function known as
a. regulation
b. nutrition
c. respiration
d. excretion

37. Life Functions Review
Which life activity is not required for the survival of an individual organism
a. nutrition
b. respiration
c. reproduction
d. synthesis