2. Objectives To challenge some of the myths we hold about the teenage brain To learn about how the teenage brain processes information To understand why the teenage brain processes differently from other brains To discuss strategies to offset

3. What do I know about my brain? Answer True or False 1. The brain is largely a finished product by age 12. 2. During adolescence, the brain is becoming more efficient, but it is also losing some of its potential for learning. 3. The teen brain is like an adult brain, but with less experience. 4. Hormonal changes are the primary reason for teens’ emotional outbursts. 5. Teens engage in risky behavior because they don’t understand the consequences.

4. 6. We notice depression and mental illnesses more during the teen years because teens have more feelings. 7. The teen brain is much better at multitasking than the adult brain. 8.The average teen needs more than 9 hours of sleep every night. 9.The reason teens struggle to get up in the morning is because they don’t go to bed until late at night. 10. The teen brain should stop every 15 minutes to process new information.

5. How are teen brains different?

6. Neural Pruning Starts in the womb when neurons over populate 1 st round of neural pruning ends around age 3 Between 6-12 neurons grow bushy At 11-12, connections start pruning Over half by age 15 “Neural Darwinism” Use it or lose it!

8. Stop List what you do in a day. Create a pie chart. Divide up sleeping, reading, writing, studying, playing an instrument, playing a sport, listening to music, working, TV, movies and video games. How are you wired? What fires together wires together.

9. What’s happening with my emotions? During puberty, hormones are released Impacts serotonin and dopamine levels Information is processed differently Rely on amygdala rather than frontal lobes React, don’t process An appetite for thrills Fewer frontal lobe functions -reasoning, motivation, planning, goal setting…

11. Too much emotion… Produces adrenaline Gut reaction Energy is re-directed—fight or flight Difficult to think and remember Produces cortisol-stress hormone Brain can not differentiate between emotional and physical danger

12. What emotion is this woman expressing?

13. The teen brain responds differently to the outside world. 100 % of adults identified fear. Fewer than 50% teens saw fear Teens saw anger, confusion, or shock Teens often see hostility where there is none Teens read visual cues differently Boys were more impulsive

14. Teens used less of the prefrontal region while more emotional regions were activated Studies by Yurgelun-Todd, Director of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroimaging, Belmont, Mass.

16. Stop! Write a 1 to 2 sentence summary of what you’ve learned. Use any 4 of these 6 words: adolescent dendrite neural pruning dopamine amygdala frontal lobe Share with your neighbor

17. During adolescence mental illness can surface… In the 10 th grade, 64% of boys and 89% of girls report being concerned about a friend who is depressed. Higher percentage teens used drugs and alcohol- irregular Dopamine levels Schizophrenia & Bipolar Disorder is thought to be triggered-15% vs 25%

18. Teens Lead All Age Groups With Cases of Depression

19. Dumb Decisions! Risk assessment studies When will you run a yellow light? Teens, when alone, reacted as adults Teens, when with peers, showed risky behavior Immature nucleus accumbens-motivation Prone to engaging in behaviors with either high excitement or low effort factor Emphasize immediate payoff!

20. We need our sleep... Our brains review and sort material while sleeping Information is stored and discarded Rats reconstructed their days in their dreams Studies have shown sleepers perform better Teens need 9.25 hours of sleep; most get 7.5 Teens Melatonin levels differ

21. How does the teen brain learn best? Scientists saw more activity in the Cerebellum—physical coordination Use movement Use emotion Take brain breaks 20 minute maximum attention span Review 10, 24 and 7 Pause, reflect, discuss, connect…

22. What do I know about my brain? Answer True or False 1. The brain is largely a finished product by age 12. 2. During adolescence, the brain is becoming more efficient, but it is also losing some of its potential for learning. 3. The teen brain responds to stimuli differently than the adult brain. 4. Hormonal changes are responsible for teens’ emotional outbursts. 5. Teens engage in risky behavior because they don’t understand the consequences.

23. 6. We notice depression and mental illnesses more during the teen years because teens have more feelings. 7. The teen brain’s reaction to input is similar to the reaction of the adult brain. 8.The average teen needs more than 9 hours of sleep every night. 9.The reason teens struggle to get up in the morning is because they don’t go to bed until late at night. 10. The teen brain should stop every 15 minutes to process new information.