2. CDM Opportunities in Bangladesh and Priority Sectors Presented by Ijaz Hossain Chemical Engineering Department BUET ijazhossain@gmail.com

3. Greenhouse Effect

4. The main greenhouse gases (GHGs) The Convention concerns all greenhouse gases not covered by the 1987 Montreal Protocol to the United Nations Convention on Protection of the Ozone Layer. The focus of the Kyoto Protocol is on the following six: ● Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) ● Methane (CH 4 ) ● Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) ● Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) ● Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) ● Sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) The first three are estimated to account for 50, 18 and 6 per cent, respectively, of the overall global warming effect arising from human activities. The HFCs and PFCs are used as replacements for ozone- depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) being phased out under the Montreal Protocol © UNFCCC 2003 NOTE: N 2 and O 2 are not GHGs

7. FOSSIL FUELS OIL GAS COAL

8. What is CDM ? Cost effective way of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission globally i.e. Reducing GHG in Developing Countries instead of in Developed Countries Greenhouse Gas Mitigation

9. Developed Country Need GHG credits Too Expensive in Country Developing Country Need Money + Technology Cheap to reduce GHG $ GHG credits HOW CDM WILL WORK

10. What are baselines? –X represents avoided tons in a given time period –Actual project performance may differ from projected –X 1 represents CERs for the period Baseline: scenario without CDM project Project actual Project projection X t CO 2 X1X1 time2008

11. © UNFCCC 2003

13. How CDM Can Help Private Sector in Bangladesh? Developing countries in the process of achieving fast economic growth often have to settle for inferior technologies. These technologies more often than not consume more energy than state-of-the-art or advanced technologies. CDM allows a more energy efficient (or less GHG emitting) technology to be installed. Therefore, through CDM an entrepreneur can:  Opt for a better technology resulting in cost savings;  Be able to comply easily with the Department of Environment's regulations;  Have a safer and cleaner plant; and  Contribute to sustainable development and to global environmental protection.

15. TYPES of ENERGY SECTOR CDM PROJECTS

16. TYPES of ENERGY SECTOR CDM PROJECTS (cont.)

25. CDM – Methane Options Methane recovery from landfill with or without electricity generation Composting of urban solid waste Biogas from a wide variety of wastes, such as (a) poultry droppings (b) tannery waste (c) effluent from food processing industries (d) human excreta, and (e) sewage, to replace fossil fuel

26. CDM – Carbon Dioxide Options Solar home systems in off grid areas Efficient lamps to replace incandescent light bulbs Fuel substitution and efficiency improvement in brick manufacturing Industrial Cogeneration (e.g. Sugar, Textile, Pulp and Paper)

27. ENERGY EFFICIENCY

28. INCANDESCENT BULB COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMP HIGH COST BARRIER

32. Bull’s Trench Kiln (BTK)

33. Fixed Chimney Kiln (FCK)

41. Solar Wind Biomass Bio-diesel From: Varenda Rherir Tel Jamalgota

42. Grameen Shakti Presents Rural- Based Solar Home System Model At WIREC

43. BIODIESEL Vegetable oil (soybean, palm, jatropha, etc.) can be converted (transesterification) into a diesel like substance (complete substitute of diesel) At $70-80 barrel of OIL – Biodiesel can compete with oil Indonesia doing biodiesel in a big way – clearing up an area the size of Denmark Good CDM in terms of CER, but concerns about FOOD SECURITY

44. Feedstock for Biodiesel

45. Improved Biomass Cookstove

46. Biogas Digestor

47. Biogas can Replace LPG

48. Biogas can Replace NRB (Non Renewable Biomass) Deforestation

49. Social Forestry

51. Example of GHG Reduction with MSW VERMINS Spreading more than 40 Diseases METHANE GASBad Odor &Green Housegas LEACHATE Polluting Ground & Surface Water