1. LIME

2. OBJECTIVES To get information history of lime To learn about types of lime To get information properties of lime

3. HISTORY OF LIME One of the oldest binding materials Babylon, Egypt, Persian, Hittite Roman, Turks, Byzantine

4. PROPERTIES OF LIME General term for calcium-containing inorganic materials Generally known as calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide Source: quarries or mines Limestone quarry in Chester County

5. APPEREANCE OF LIME White, and large stone Binding agent Can be solidify in air, or water (depends on the type of lime)

6. TYPES OF LIME Hydraulic Lime Slaked Lime (Calcium Hydroxide) Unslaked Lime (Calcium Oxide) Marble, Calcite, Limestone (Calcium Carbonate)

7. HYDRAULIC LIME Produced by heating calcining limestone (clay, other impurities) Usages: 1) useful building material -less polluting -does not trap moisture in the wall -no need for expansion joints

8. SLAKED LIME ( CALCIUM HYDROXIDE ) Ca(OH) 2 Colourless crystal or white powder Produced by mixing calcium oxide and water Usages: - in the manufacture of food and liquors - refining petroleum - purification of water - filling the root canal (first stage of therapy)

9. W ARNING ! Calcium hydroxide may cause dangerous illnesses if it is in excess in the body. 1) Skin irritation 2) Blindless 3) Lung Damage 4) Internal Bleeding 5) High Blood Pressure 6) Dyspnea

10. If you heat calcium hydroxide until it reaches 512°C, it decomposes into calcium oxide and water.

11. UNSLAKED LIME (C ALCIUM OXIDE ) White, corrosive, alkaline solid Produced from heating impure limestones at 825°C. (calcination) Leaving carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Usages: - additive in white paints - substance for making cement and pulp - mostly produced in China

12. Calcium oxide reacts with water vigorously.

13. WARNING ! Calcium oxide can cause diseases if it is used incorrectly. 1) Inhaling calcium oxide : coughing, sneezing 2) Touching : nasal septum, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting

14. CALCIUM CARBONATE Exists on the nature (marble,chalk) very reactive alkaline To understand whether a material contains calcium carbonate, we use sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid.

15. USAGES - purification of iron ore - component of blackboard chalk - in constructions ( not only calcium carbonate) - unreactive filler for tablets - substance in toothpastes - helps excretion system

16. C HEMICAL REACTIONS CaCO 3 → CaO + CO 2 (decomposition of calcium carbonate) Heating above 840°C Ca(OH) 2 + CO 2 → CaCO 3 + H 2 O (producing calcium carbonate)

17. Burak YILDIRIM 9/D - 222