1. How to do in-text citations

2. When to cite
You need to cite anything that does not come from your own head
This means you need to cite more than direct quotes
Any time you use information that you gathered from a source, you need to cite
Cite paraphrases
Cite facts you found even if you are not directly quoting the source (MLA; Purdue; Trustees; University)

3. Citing Facts Facts you do not need to cite Facts you do need to cite
In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue
Barack Obama is the president of the United States
You attend Lindblom Math and Science Academy
Springfield is the capital of Illinois
27% of adult American males are obese (This is just an example. I made that up.)
Chicago is the murder capital of the United States
Transgender individuals experience curiosity about being a different gender
(MLA; Purdue; Trustees; University)

4. How to cite
Generally, a citation is done inside a parentheses and includes the author’s last name followed by a page number.
The citation should make it so the reader can quickly look at your works cited page and determine which source you are citing, so use the first few words that show up on the works cited page.
Look at the example Works Cited page I’ve copied for you (Purdue).

5. Examples
Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Frank 3).
Notice there is no comma between the author’s name and page number. Notice the period comes after the parentheses.
We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . . ." ("Impact of Music" 6).
Print article with no author. Notice the title is in quotation marks. If this was an article from the internet, no page number would be needed.
One online film critic stated that Fitzcarraldo is "...a beautiful and terrifying critique of obsession and colonialism" (“Parental Influence”).
Online article with no author (Purdue).

6. Let’s look at ways to incorporate quotes…
Hester Prynne is the feminist voice of the Puritan era. She says, “Let men tremble to win the hand of woman, unless they win along with it the utmost passion of her heart!” (Hawthorne 121).
Arthur Dimmesdale is a weak little man who succumbed to the past and ruined his future. “There is not enough strength or courage left me to venture into the wide, strange, difficult world, alone!” (Hawthorne 136), whines the Reverend.
Notice that the citation comes immediately after the quote, not at the end of the sentence.
Pearl led the readers and the characters to uncover the meaning of morality during the Puritan era: “The Reverend Mr. Dimmesdale exhibited not symptom of positive and vivacious suffering, except that, as little Pearl had remarked, he kept his hand over his heart” (Hawthorne 129).

7. Another way to cite
You can include the author’s name in the sentence that includes the information you are citing.
Human beings have been described by Matthew Frank as "symbol- using animals" (3).
This is a traditional print source with a page number (Purdue)

8. Paraphrase
“Suppose, for example, that you want to use the material in the following passage, which appears on page 625 of an essay by Wendy Martin in the book Columbia Literary History of the United States.
Some of Dickinson’s most powerful poems express her firmly held conviction that life cannot be fully comprehended without an understanding of death
You write:
Emily Dickinson firmly believed that we cannot fully comprehend life unless we also understand death.
You have committed plagiarism
To fix it, write:
As Wendy Martin has suggested, Emily Dickinson firmly believed that we cannot fully comprehend life unless we also understand death (625). (MLA).
Everyone is now happy

9. Paraphrase
Original Source: Everyone uses the word language and everybody these days talks about culture… “Languaculture” is a reminder, I hope, of the necessary connection between its two parts…(Michael Agar, Language Shock: Understanding the Culture of Conversation [New York: Morrow, 1994; print 60])
You write
At the intersection of language and culture lies a concept that we might call “languaculture.”
You have committed plagiarism.
To fix it write,
At the intersection of language and culture lies a concept that Michael Ager has called “languaculture” (60).
At the intersection of language and culture lies a concept that we might call “languaculture” (Ager 60).
(MLA)

10. NEVER NEVER NEVER NEVER NEVER QUOTE DUMP
EXAMPLE:
Hester Prynne was very radiant. "Her beauty shone out and made a halo of the misfortune and ignominy in which she was enveloped” (Hawthorne 2).
How would you fix this?
Hester Prynne was very radiant: "Her beauty shone out and made a halo of the misfortune and ignominy in which she was enveloped” (Hawthorne 2).

11. Can you correct these?
1. According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes, 184), though others disagree.
2. According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality." (Foulkes 184).
3. Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality," (Foulkes 184)?
4. “The use of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems has grown substantially over the past five years as companies attempt to adapt to customer needs and to improve their profitability.” (Making CRM Work).

12. And what about these? Identify the correct parenthetical citation for this source.
Tannen, Deborah. The Argument Culture. Toronto: Random House, 1998.
a) Every issue we see discussed on television appears to be set up as an argument: “In the argument culture, criticism, attack, or opposition are the predominant if not the only ways of responding to people or ideas” (Tannen, 7).
b) Every issue we see discussed on television appears to be set up as an argument: “In the argument culture, criticism, attack, or opposition are the predominant if not the only ways of responding to people or ideas” (7).
c) Every issue we see discussed on television appears to be set up as an argument: “In the argument culture, criticism, attack, or opposition are the predominant if not the only ways of responding to people or ideas” (The Argument Culture 7).
d) Every issue we see discussed on television appears to be set up as an argument: “In the argument culture, criticism, attack, or opposition are the predominant if not the only ways of responding to people or ideas,” (Tannen 7).
e) Every issue we see discussed on television appears to be set up as an argument: “In the argument culture, criticism, attack, or opposition are the predominant if not the only ways of responding to people or ideas” (Tannen 7).

13. You are using material from a newspaper article
You are using material from a newspaper article. There is no author given, but the title of the article is “Was Emerson lying to his constituents?,” published in the Edmonton Journal on Feb. 14, 2006, on p. A2. Which is the proper parenthetical citation for this paraphrase?
Earlier, Emerson had claimed that he would do everything he could to fight the Liberals in government (Anonymous A2).
Earlier, Emerson had claimed that he would do everything he could to fight the Liberals in government (Edmonton Journal, Feb. 14, 2006).
Earlier, Emerson had claimed that he would do everything he could to fight the Liberals in government. (a parenthetical citation is unnecessary for a paraphrase).
Earlier, Emerson had claimed that he would do everything he could to fight the Liberals in government (Emerson A2).
Earlier, Emerson had claimed that he would do everything he could to fight the Liberals in government (“Was Emerson lying” A2).

14. In which sentence has the quotation been integrated the most successfully?
Susan Keaveney explains that Gen Xers will develop a new kind of management style. “Having rebelled against standard business hours and micromanagement, they might find it difficult to make such demands of their subordinates” (102).
Susan Keaveney explains that Gen Xers will develop a new kind of management style. They “have rebelled against standard business hours and micromanagement, so they might find it difficult to make such demands of their subordinates” (102).
Susan Keaveney explains that Gen Xers will develop a new kind of management style: “Having rebelled against standard business hours and micromanagement, they might find it difficult to make such demands of their subordinates” (102).
Susan Keaveney explains that Gen Xers will develop a new kind of management style because of their attitudes toward being managed: “Having rebelled against standard business hours and micromanagement, they might find it difficult to make such demands of their subordinates” (102).

15. Please remember….
This citation stuff is really important. Failure to cite properly at LMSA will lead to an academic integrity and honesty referral for plagiarism.
At the college level, the repercussions are worse.
In determining the seriousness of an offense, the committee considers whether the student ought reasonably to have understood that his or her actions violated the standards of academic integrity described in Rights, Rules, Responsibilities. When the committee concludes that a student ought to have known that he or she had committed a violation, the penalty is normally separation from the University (Trustees).
Notice that the text says “ought.” This means that you are responsible for understanding whether or not you have committed plagiarism  

16. More University Policy
(1) Expectations of Students. It is the responsibility of each student to refrain from infractions of academic integrity, from conduct that may lead to suspicion of such infractions, and from conduct that aids others in such infractions. Students have been given notice of this Part by virtue of its publication. Regardless of whether a student has actually read this Part, a student is charged with knowledge of it. Ignorance is not a defense (University).

17. Finally, other MLA specifics….
12 pt.
Times New Roman
1” Margins
Double Space (be careful you don’t do more or less than this, especially between paragraphs)
Correct MLA heading in the top LEFT corner of the paper—see example
Michael Jackson
Mrs. Mueller
Honors Language and Composition
19 December 2013

18. Works Cited
MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. New York: The Modern Language
Association of America, Print.
The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, Web. 3 Dec
Trustees of Princeton University. Academic Integrity. Princeton: Office of the Dean of The College, Web. 3 Dec  
University of Illinois Board of Trustees. Student Code. Urbana: University of Illinois, Web. 3 Dec