1. Please check, just in case…

2. APA Tip of the Day: Quotes
When you want to use a quote, you must:
Include the quote exactly as written (note exceptions for capitalization of first word, final punctuation, and quotes within quotes).
Enclose the quote in quotation marks (unless 40 or more words).
Provide the page number, either directly before or after the quote.
Include the author(s) last name and year of publication.

3. However!
If you find a quote that is taken from another source, look up the original – do not include quotes that one author has taken from another except in very special cases.
So, whenever possible:
Paraphrase the material.
If the quote is a must, use the original source.
Include the page number where you read it.

4. Announcements
Don't forget your plagiarism certificate next week. You must turn that in in order to stay enrolled in the class.
Your language diary is due on Feb. 19. Don’t wait to get started.
Note taking is very important in this class. Do not just rely on the overheads. Take time during the quiet times to think over what we talked about and summarize.

5. Quick questions or quandaries?

6. Contrasting perspectives: etic, emic, and cultural differences
January 22, 2015
Today’s Readings: Sleeter (1986), Rao (2006), and Molloy & Vasil (2002)

7. Social Construction of Disability
This perspective holds that there is not a one-to-one correspondence between an individual’s condition and the extent to which, if at all, he/she is considered to have or considers him-herself to have a disability. Rather, a disability is formed on the basis of a complex interplay of a variety of internal and external factors.

8. Do they have a disability?

9. Aimee Mullins TED Talk

10. Social Construction of Disability=
Condition:
Down syndrome
Spinal cord injury
Dyslexia
Disability:
Intellectual disability, language or social limitations
Mobility limitations
Learning disability, academic dysfunction, work performance limitations

11. Social Construction of Disability
“The National Federation of the Blind of Connecticut believes blindness is merely an inconvenience and, with proper skills and training, a blind individual can obtain success in his or her personal and professional life.”

12. Social Construction of Disability
Training
Adaptive devices
Compensatory strategies
Lack of above
Attitudes
Assumptions
Cultural beliefs
Condition
Disability

13. Social Construction of Disability
Ill-prepared or poor teachers
Inconsistent or no access to high-quality ALS
Negative assumptions about: child’s ability, home, and family resources
Condition:
Bilingual
Minority
Low SES
Disability: LD BD
Comm Dis
Not Gifted

14. Quick Write:
What perspectives presented in the articles were disturbing for you or raised issues that you aren’t yet ready to resolve? What ideas were new or thought provoking for you?

15. “The National Federation of the Blind of Connecticut believes blindness is merely an inconvenience and, with proper skills and training, a blind individual can obtain success in his or her personal and professional life.”

16. Small Group Discussion Questions
Does everyone have a culture?
Can you belong to more than one culture?
How does culture differ from ethnicity?
From community?
Society?

17. More Questions (Whole Group)
Is disability a culture? When yes, when no? Why? Why not?
How do the words that we use to describe the group in power and those that are not reveal hidden assumptions?

18. Follow up small group activity:
What were the most important ideas you took away from the readings as a whole and from the previous interactive presentation.

19. Main points: There is no one right way of thinking about disability.
Definitions of disability (who is disabled, what particular behaviors indicate the presence of a disability, what skill limitations constitute a disability) are dependent on the values and beliefs of a particular group at a particular place and time.

20. Main points, cont.
Even if there is agreement as to whether an individual has a limitation of a particular kind, there may not be agreement across societies as to whether that limitation constitutes a disability or not.
Our assumptions about the “obviousness” of a particular kind of “disability” are a product of our upbringing, not necessarily a “fact.”

21. Looking ahead…
Topic: Theoretical frameworks -- overview Read: Rosenblum & Travis (2006) and Jones (1996)
Note: These are VERY heavy duty readings – you will need to start on them no later than by the weekend.

22. Please take a minute for the minute paper.
And don’t forget to turn your phone back on.