2. Nutrient: A chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body. Nutrition: The study of how your body uses the food that you eat. Malnutrition: is the lack of the right proportions of nutrients over an extended period

3. A nutrient is a chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body. Some provide energy. All help build cells and tissues, regulate bodily processes such as breathing. No single food supplies all the nutrients the body needs to function. Deficiency Disease: failure to meet your nutrient needs.

4. Six categories of nutrients

6. The body’s chief source of energy Sugar – Simple Carbohydrates Glucose: Blood Fructose: Fruit Galactose: Milk Sucroce: Table sugar Starches – Complex Carbohydrates Fiber

7. Rice, pasta, cereals and bread contain carbohydrates. Carbohydrates give us lots of energy that our bodies can easily use.

8. Important energy source – Lipid family which includes fats and oils Hydrogenation: adds hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fatty acids (liquid) turning them into more saturated solid fats – Crisco and margarine sticks Cholesterol: fatlike substance found in every cell in the body – Important… found in skin tissue, produces hormones – Two types: Dietary and Blood

9. Provide energy, encourage growth and tissue repair Made up of small units called amino acids – 20 important to the human body: 9 your body can’t make and 11 it can Complete protein: animal foods and soy Incomplete proteins: plant foods – Must pair 2 foods together: beans and rice

10. www.makemegenius.com Free Science Videos for Kids

11. Are complex organic substances – Normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction – Your body cannot produce all vitamins you can get those by eating a nutritious diet. Fat-soluble vitamins: carried in fatty parts of foods and dissolve in fats (body stores them in fat... build up can be dangerous) Water-soluble vitamins: dissolve in water (body does not store them)

13. Vitamin B-Complex – Thiamin (vitamin B1) – Riboflavin (vitamin B2) – Niacin (nicotinamide, nicotinic acid) – Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine) – Folacin (folic acid) – Vitamin B12 Vitamin C

14. In addition to vitamins your body also needs 15 minerals that help regulate cell function and provide structure for cells. Major minerals, in terms of amount present, include calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. In addition, your body needs smaller amounts of chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, chloride, potassium and sodium. Amounts needed for most of these minerals is quite small and excessive amounts can be toxic to your body.

15. Water is your body's most important nutrient, is involved in every bodily function, and makes up 70- 75% of your total body weight. Water helps you to maintain body temperature, metabolize body fat, aids in digestion, lubricates and cushions organs, transports nutrients, and flushes toxins from your body. Everyone should drink at least 64 ounces per day, and if you exercise or are overweight, even more. Your blood is approximately 90% water and is responsible for transporting nutrients and energy to muscles and for taking waste from tissues.

16. www.makemegenius.com Free Science Videos for Kids

18. A unit of measure for energy in food

19. Protein 1 Gram = 4 calories Carbohydrates 1 Gram = 4 calories Fat 1 Gram = 9 calories

20. Food containing a very high calorie count with little or no nutritional value—foods we call junk foods. They are called empty calories, because even though we eat the food, our body is asking for nutrients, and getting nothing but calories. Empty Calorie