1. Maps, Charts, and Graphs

2. MAPS

3. WHY MAPS ARE USEFUL To represent a place or area graphically
To help locate places
To show the physical and human features of a place

4. What can you learn from maps?
Use to study far away places
Used everyday on the news to show weather
Used even to find places in the mall
How else are maps used?

5. MAIN PARTS OF A MAP Compass Rose – a map’s directional indicator
Scale – defines distances in a map
Legend – describes symbols and other items in a map
Lines of Latitude and Longitude – pinpoint the absolute location of map content

6. ( Think of general purpose maps – Think of most classroom maps)
Types of Maps
General Purpose
-Tells where places are and some information about the area
Examples:
*Physical maps (shows the natural features, or topography, of an area such as its mountains, valleys, rivers, and lakes) These are also called elevation maps.
*Political maps (show units such as city, county, state, or country boundaries as well as some key features like mountain ranges, rivers, and bays)
( Think of general purpose maps – Think of most classroom maps)

7. (Examples: city street maps, precipitation maps, historical maps)
Types of Maps
Special Purpose Maps
-Tells something specific about the area
Also called Thematic Maps – show a specific topic, theme, or spatial distribution of an activity
(Examples: city street maps, precipitation maps, historical maps)

8. Special Purpose Map
AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION IN TEXAS

9. Map

10. Map

11. Maps

12. Graphs and Charts

13. TYPES OF INFORMATION SHOWN BY GRAPHS, CHARTS, AND TABLES
Bar Graph – compares data about different places or time periods
Line Graph – shows a trend or pattern
Circle Graph – shows how the part of a whole are divided
These are useful because they convey ideas or information graphically.

14. Bar, Line, and Circle Graphs

15. Bar, Line, and Circle Graphs

16. Bar, Line, and Circle Graphs

17. THREE TYPES OF CHARTS AND THEIR USE
Flow Chart – shows steps in a series of activities
Causation Chart – shows the causes and effects of an event or situation

18. Charts

19. Map Rules

20. Every Map should contain:
Title
Orientation or Compass
Date
Author
Legend/Key
Scale

21. Use Neat Lettering!
Always PRINT neatly
Use pencil at first, then black ink
Letter straight across (except rivers and mountains)
Check Spelling!!

22. Follow Directions!!
Political Maps- color countries/states that touch different colors
Special Purpose Maps- follow the directions given
Mountains need to be colored and labeled in brown
ONLY WATER SHOULD BE COLORED BLUE!!
- shade coastline in blue (1 in. border)
- show rivers with a blue line

23. Use Map Symbols!! Use a star for capitals Use dots for other cities
ALSO:
Color around the labels so they will show up.
Put paper under your map so table patterns will not show
Color in ONE direction and DO NOT SCRIBBLE!!

24. Latitude and Longitude

25. Latitude and Longitude
The Equator and the Prime Meridian are the starting points for two sets of lines used to find any location.
The letter N or S following the degree symbol tells you if the location is north or south of the Equator.

26. Latitude and Longitude
The North Pole, for example, is at 90°N (North) latitude, and the South Pole is at 90°S (South) latitude.
Two important parallels in between the poles are the Tropic of Cancer at 23½°N latitude and the Tropic of Capricorn at 23½°S latitude.
You can also find the Arctic Circle at 66½°N latitude and the Antarctic Circle at 66½°S latitude.

27. Latitude and Longitude
Longitude, or distance measured in degrees east (E) or west (W) of the Prime Meridian.
The Prime Meridian, or 0° longitude, runs through Greenwich, England.
On the opposite side of the earth is the 180° meridian, also called the International Date Line.

28. To give directions to this island, you would use the absolute location
To give directions to this island, you would use the absolute location. You would have to use degrees of latitude and longitude.

29. What do lines of latitude and longitude look like?
Longitude lines
What do lines of latitude and longitude look like?
parallels
Latitude lines
meridians

30. The Earth’s Hemispheres
The equator is an imaginary line at 0° latitude. It divides the earth into two halves: Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. (We use the letters N and S to show locations north and south of the equator.)
The prime meridian is at 0° longitude. It is also an imaginary line. It divides the earth into two halves: Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere. (We use the letters W and E to show locations west and east of the prime meridian.)

31. NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
EQUATOR
EQUATOR
EQUATOR
EQUATOR
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

32. WESTERN HEMISPHERE EASTERN HEMISPHERE
PRIME MERIDIAN
WESTERN HEMISPHERE
EASTERN HEMISPHERE

34. Using Maps, Graphs, & Charts Activity
Use the following information to complete the Map of Texas
Map:
Label 4 locations in Texas on the map.
Label the surrounding states and bodies of waters.
Label 1 river that is located in Texas.

35. Use the following information to complete you bar graph and pie chart
Rainfall in Fort Worth
June – 5in
July – 10in
Aug – 8in
Pie Chart:
Favorite Pizza
Cheese – 40%
Pepperoni – 35%
Hamburger – 15%
Other – 10%