1. Closing of the Frontier and Industrialization Chapter 3

2. I. Post-Civil War Reservation Policy 1.Help reform Indians 2.Assimilate 3.“Reservations”  easier to reform 4.Indians had no say 5.Not citizens

3. Dawes Severalty Act, 1887 "We must throw some protection" [over the Indian]. "We must hold up his hand." — Senator Henry L. Dawes, 1887. "...the real aim of [the Act] is to get at the Indians land and open it up for resettlement." — Senator Henry M. Teller, 1891.

4. Dawes Severalty Act-1887 6. Dawes Severalty Act-1887 a. 168 parcels b. Given to individual families c.If accepted  citizens in 25 yrs. 7. Effects: a. Loss tribal lands b. Gov. dependency c. Disrupted Culture

6. II. Resistance 1.Sioux Wars 1876 2.June 1876—”Custer’s Last Stand” 3.Sioux won-->revenge 4.Ghost Dance 5.Land; Buffalo; NO WHITE MEN!! 6.Wounded Knee

7. III. Western Society 1.More men than women 2.Strike it rich; autonomy 3.Isolated, unprotected

9. IV. Railroads 1.May 10, 1869-Trans. RR 2.Stimulated: 1.Steel 2.Iron 3.Lumber 3.4 Time Zones

10. Railroads (cont’d) 4. 1854-Chinese came during the Gold Rush 5.7,000  RR 6.Chinese Exclusion Act 1882-Prohibited Chinese immigration. 7.Gov. funded: aid and land grants

11. Railroads (cont’d) 8.Cornelius Vanderbuilt 9.RR monopoly

12. V. Great Plains Farming 1.Ag. big business! 2.Mechanization 3.Hatch Act 1887 1.Ag. experiment Stations in every state 2.Science/Tech.

13. Farming (cont’d) 4.Difficult to Adapt: 1.Sod Houses (Sodbusters) 2.Little water 3.Insects 4.Weather 5.Monotony

14. Farming (cont’d) 5.Homestead Act, 1868 1.Work the land for 5 yrs. 2.Given the title, 160 acres 3.Encourage settlement

15. VI. Cattle Boom 1.Cash Crop of W/SW 2.Cowboys  Long Drives Texas up to Cheyenne, WY (Long Drives) 3.Barbed Wire 4.Overgrazing; bad weather

17. VII. Industrialization 1.Industrialization 2.Urbanization 3.Immigration

18. VIII. Technology 1.Edison 2.Ford

19. Technology (cont’d) 3.Other inventions 1.Refrigeration

20. IX. Labor 1.Work like robots. 2.Employers take control 3.Women and kids 4.Unsafe 5.No benefits 6.UNIONS

21. X. Corporate Giants 1.Supreme Court defends corporations as “citizens”!! 2.John D. Rockefeller 3.Horizontal Integration—One aspect of production 4.Monopoly

23. Corporate Giants (cont’d) 5.Andrew Carnegie 6.Vertical Integration—all aspects of an industry 7.U.S. Steel Corp. 8.JP Morgan 9.Financed such corporations

27. XI. Urbanization 1.1880—U.S. Urban 2.Many moved to city  better life opportunity 3.Natural resources+RR+Industrialization=Urban growth 4.Suburbs  for the wealthy 5.Indoor plumbing, street lights, sewers, etc.

28. Urbanization (cont’d) 6. Inner cities= slums

31. 7.Dumbbell Tenements 8.Cheap brick 9.4-6 stories 10.Very small 11.No water, no bathrooms 12. Bathrooms in basement for whole building!!