1. Maps

2. Three sources of map distortion
Map scale – most maps are smaller than the reality they represent. Map scales tell us how much smaller.
Map projection – this occurs because you must transform the curved surface of the earth on a flat plane.
Map type – you can display the same information on different types of maps.

3. Map scale – tells us relationship between distance on map and distance on earth’s surface
Ratio scale = ratio of map distance to earth distance.
1:10,000 means that one inch on the map equals 10,000 inches earth’s surface; one centimeter represents 10,000 centimeters; or one foot equals 10,000 feet.
Recall a small fraction has a large denominator so that 1:100,000 is a smaller scale than 1:25,000.
A large-scale map depicts a small area with great detail.
A small-scale map depicts a larger area with little detail. Distortion is especially severe here.

4. Which is the large-scale map?B. C. D. D

5. Which map scale shows the most detail? a. 1:250,000 b. 1:24,000
c. 1:100,000 d. 1:62,500
A map with a large scale usually shows
a. a large amount of land space
b. a small amount of land space
c. physical features only of a land space
d. the local-global continuum
e. political boundaries between countries only B

6. Map scale – tells us relationship between distance on map and distance on earth’s surface
Ratio scale = ratio of map distance to earth distance.
1:10,000 means that one inch on the map equals 10,000 inches earth’s surface; one centimeter represents 10,000 centimeters; or one foot equals 10,000 feet.
Recall a small fraction has a large denominator so that 1:100,000 is a smaller scale than 1:25,000.
A large-scale map depicts a small area with great detail.
A small-scale map depicts a larger area with little detail. Distortion is especially severe here.

7. location, direction, distance site and situation
The starting point for a geographer
(After the map…)

8. Some Vocab: Absolute Direction Absolute Distance Absolute Location
Relative Direction
Relative Distance
Relative Location
Toponym
Site
Situation

9. Toponym
Place Name!

10. Absolute location mathematical location
Clemmons is:
36o 01’ 17.30” N (longitude)
80o 22’ 55.15” W (latitude)
700 building
36o 03’ ” N
80o 22’ “ W

11. Site internal physical attributes
(includes absolute location, but includes the physical setting; especially in urban geography)
Clemmons is bordered on the West by the Yadkin River

12. Relative location regional position relative to other places
(general spatial interconnection and interdependence)
Clemmons is in the northwest piedmont section of Forsyth County
Davidson County is to the south
Davie County (Advance) is to the west
Winston-Salem is 10 miles to the east
Exit off I-40 & Hwy 421

13. Situation external location attributes
(external relations, a type of relation location that refers to items of significance, especially in urban geography)
Suburb of Winston-Salem, a bedroom community for persons working in the medical, bio technical/medical and aeronautical businesses in the Triad
I-40 and US 421, major transportation

14. Absolute direction cardinal points N-S-E-W
Clemmons is southwest of Winston-Salem.

15. Relative direction culturally based, not necessarily an accurate cardinal point
Clemmons is in the “South”.
Clemmons is …

16. Absolute distance mathematical space between 2 points
Clemmons is 10 miles (16km) from Winston-Salem.

17. Relative distance meaningful space measurement
Clemmons is about 15 minutes from Winston-Salem.
Clemmons is one hour from Mt. Airy.

18. “City of 2 Million” article

19. Use the terms…
1. Describe the absolute location, absolute direction and absolute distance of a place of your choice.
2. Describe the relative location, relative direction and relative distance of the same place.
3. Describe the site.
4. Describe the situation.

20. Which of the following is not a measure of relative distance?
a. 2,339 cm b. 35 seconds c. $2.50 cab ride
d footsteps e. 15 minutes
Relative location is an important geographic concept mainly because it
a. locates places according to longitude and latitude
b. defines a place in terms of how central or isolated it is to other places
c. defines patterns of natural environment
d. helps cartographers to develop more accurate maps
e. illustrates how local, regional and global factors interact within the local-global continuum A B

21. Who demonstrated the Earth was round using maps?
a. Ptolemy b. Aristotle
c. Eratosthenes d. Sauer
Who coined the word geography? B C

22. Evolution of Mapmaking
Babylonians – 2300 BC earliest surviving maps written on clay tablets.
Aristotle – BC demonstrated earth was spherical through maps.
Eratosthenes – BC first person to use the word geography. Also the first person to correctly divide earth into 5 climatic regions.
Ptolemy – AD Guide to Geography
Age of Exploration – by the 17th century, most continents and oceans were accurately displayed.

23. Contemporary Mapping GIS (geographic information systems)
GPS (global positioning system)
Remote Sensing Satellites

24. a. Remote Sensing b. GPS
c. GIS d. DTM
Layers of geographical information that can be selected or deselected when viewing a map
Can immediately scan the Earth’s surface to determine changes in geography

25. GIS Layers

26. Use of GIS in Emergencies

28. Remote Sensing
The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface remotely such as from an airplane or satellite orbiting the planet.
Primarily environmental mapping – vegetation, surface cover, winter ice cover, deforestation

29. http://spaceports. blogspot
Satellite images of the north-east coast of Japan before (left) and after the earthquake and tsunami. Water is black or dark blue and the thin green line in the 'after' image indicates the shoreline. Photograph: Nasa

30. Map Grid Latitude /Longitude Tropics Equator
Prime Meridian /International Date Line
Latitude – smile
Longitude – oh
Head: north pole
Tropic of Cancer:shoulders
Waist: equator
Knees: tropic of Capricorn
Toes: south pole
Arms straight up: prime meridian
Facing back arms up: IDL

32. Gain a Day
Skip a Day

33. Immediately to the left of the International Date Line, the date is always one day ahead of the date immediately to the right of the International Date Line. On the time and date codes shown below, note that Tonga and Samoa have the exact same time, but are actually one day apart, as Samoa is in the Western Hemisphere (to the east of the dateline) and Tonga is in the Eastern Hemisphere. In summary, travel west across the International Date Line and you will gain a day, travel east across it and you will lose a day.

35. All Maps should Have
Cartographer
Title
Scale
Key

36. How to Lie with maps
A map is a generalization or representation of the real world.
Cartography – the science of mapmaking.
All maps lie flat and all maps lie. They contain distortions. You cannot represent the three-dimensional earth on a flat surface without distorting reality.
Any useful map is selective in what is put in and left out. Example: road or subway map.
The inset is an example of GIS maps

37. Is this a correct map of London?

38. Is this a correct map of London?

39. Which map would be useful to tour London?

40. Three sources of map distortion
Map scale – most maps are smaller than the reality they represent. Map scales tell us how much smaller.
Map projection – this occurs because you must transform the curved surface of the earth on a flat plane.
Map type – you can display the same information on different types of maps.

41. Map Type – you can display the same information on different maps
Types of maps:
Dot – each dot represents some frequency
Isoline – connects points of equal value
Choropleth – puts features into classes and then maps classes for each region
Cartogram – adjusts the size of the country corresponds to the magnitude of the mapped feature
Proportional symbol – size of the symbol corresponds to the magnitude of the mapped feature

42. Dot – each dot represents some frequency
The hyperlinks are to a website that maps the use of soda/pop/coke.
The top dot map is cited on the website as a bad example of a dot map because it is misleading. The bottom one is a correct representation. (The top one is the one that the AP Central website used in its ppt)
Chart
Map

43. Students applauding at Lecture
Key:
desk
incidents of applauding
Scale 1:9
Cartographer: D. Troxell

44. Isoline – connects points of equal value

45. Choropleth – puts features into classes and then maps classes for each region

46. Proportional symbol – size of the symbol corresponds to the magnitude of the mapped feature

47. Cartogram – adjusts the size of the country corresponds to the magnitude of the mapped feature

48. Other Thematic Maps- spatial distribution of one or more specific themes

49. What kind of map is this?

50. What kind of map is this?

51. What kind of map is this?

52. What kind of map is this?

53. Other types of visual images:
Mental map = map of an area in your mind

54. B A D C
Proportional Symbol? E

55. B A D C
Dot Map? E

56. B A D C
Isoline? E

57. B A D C
Cartogram? E

58. B A D C
Choropleth? E

59. B A D C
Good for showing points of equal value? E

60. FRQ Practice – NO Notes Define the following
Absolute Location
Relative Location
Absolute Distance
Relative Distance
Toponym
Explain Clemmons using the following terms Absolute Location