1. 10/28/991 Why Training Needs Change Carol J. Merry, Ph.D. Education and Information Division National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

2. 10/28/992 Overall Training Goals: n Impart information that is remembered n Build skills- “self-efficacy” n Instill motivation for “safe work practices”

3. 10/28/993 In a Nutshell, Training Needs to Evolve... n Because of changes in your audience n Because of changes in your work environment n Because of changes in regulations or recommendations n Because your training evaluations indicate a need for change n Because you want to try new media, technology, approaches, etc...

4. 10/28/994 Respond to Changes in Your Audience n A stable, homogeneous workforce will move through “Stages of Change” as you continue to interact with them over time. n A diverse &/or changing workforce challenges you to re-assess where they are each time you offer training!

5. 10/28/995 Stages of Change Ê Precontemplation- not on my radar screen! Ë Contemplation- considering change Ì Preparation- planning how to try changes in safe work behavior Í Action- Actually making changes in behavior Î Maintenance- continuing to use new safe work behaviors Ï Relapse- Struggling with “relapse” to unsafe behaviors

6. 10/28/996 What are precontemplators like? Sometimes lack knowledge about issue Have no interest in changing their behavior or beliefs Have no intention of changing even in a future time frame

7. 10/28/997 How to move precontemplators to contemplation n Get their attention n Raise their consciousness n Create environments to help people do the right thing

8. 10/28/998 “This is your ear … This is your ear on noise”

9. 10/28/999 What are Contemplators Like? n They know about and are aware of the problem, so more “facts” won’t make much difference n They are thinking about changing behavior n they are not sure how much the problem affects them personally or their significant others n there has been no actual movement to change

10. 10/28/9910 What moves Contemplators to the Preparation stage? n Emotional arousal helps here too! n Direct Consequences for Self & others 1. Imagery- “imagine your life if…” 2. Consequences to family and friends 3. Thinking actively about solutions 4. Case studies & testimonials

11. 10/28/9911 It’s Really Pretty Simple….. n Wear this now... n Or wear this later!

12. 10/28/9912 What are Preparers Like? n Increasing belief in “pro’s” n Decreasing concern about “con’s” n Start taking small steps toward new behavior (do a sound survey, read up on HPDs) n Increased confidence about making changes n Make a plan or “intend” to adopt new, safer behavior

13. 10/28/9913 What moves Preparers to Action? n Setting reasonable goals n making specific plans to overcome specific barriers n making public pledges n continuing to believe there are more pro’s than con’s for the new behaviors

14. 10/28/9914 What Are People in the Action Stage Like? n Firmly believe benefits of new, safer behavior n Have a consistent plan for action and have been following it for several months n “Intend” to maintain the behavior n Recognize success of small steps

15. 10/28/9915 How Do We Encourage Action? n Environmental controls- reminders, cues n Respond to negative thoughts and actions as soon as they crop up n Model alternate behaviors when needed n Engage in a “contract” to maintain behavior n Provide extrinsic and intrinsic rewards

16. 10/28/9916 Who are Maintainers? n Very strong champions of safe behaviors n publicly identify themselves as proponent of safe work behaviors n Support a meaningful reward system n know and use strategies for dealing with relapse in self and co-workers n long term change has occurred (at least 6 months)

17. 10/28/9917 Could show clip of bronco testimonial here

18. 10/28/9918 How Do We Help Maintainers? n Continue environmental controls- cues n Continue modeling safe work behaviors n Continue countering negative thoughts & actions n Continue reinforcement systems that are meaningful n Develop a plan to deal with “relapses”

19. 10/28/9919 What About Relapse? n Usually happens when people are frustrated - failed attempts/barriers n people (supervisors!) may not realize that behavior change takes practice & patience n people are often not well prepared for complications or the strength of barriers Don’t give up!

20. 10/28/9920 How to Overcome Relapses: n Assure people that change takes practice n Encourage ongoing efforts at safe work behaviors n plan & communicate ways to handle stress n help others avoid negative coping strategies n help overcome people and things that undermine the desired behaviors

21. 10/28/9921 Keep in Mind….. n Work “culture” shapes behavior, values, & overall receptivity to your training Are you in tune with your workplace’s culture? n Appreciating the diversity within a group is just as important as recognizing diversity between groups.

22. 10/28/9922 Modify Training to Reflect Changes on the Job n Work changes- new equipment, new management goals, new processes, new responsibilities, etc.

23. 10/28/9923 Changes in Regulations, Technology, or Recommendations n De-rating of hearing protectors based on Subject Fit testing-ANSI n 3 dB vs. 5 dB exchange rate for TWA -new NIOSH criteria n Audiometric database analysis n 1 on 1 fit-testing

24. 10/28/9924 Show and describe: plug & muff real vs. lab fit-testing of plugs overhead Have some plug samples to discuss fit problems

25. 10/28/9925 On-Site Fit Testing of Earplugs

26. 10/28/9926 Your Training Program Evaluation Indicates Changes Are Needed :. Do you have evidence that… 4 the audience is paying attention? 4 The audience can recall the important information? 4 The audience is responding appropriately with safe work behaviors? 4 You have addressed any barriers important to your audience?

27. 10/28/9927 Changes Can Energize Your Training: Stamp Out Boredom! n Jazzy new videos? n Interactive, “real-life” problem solving/table top exercises n Using Employees to make “home grown” training materials

28. 10/28/9928 Tools of the trade: digital cameras, camcorders, use scenarios from plant history, case study re-enactments, etc...

29. 10/28/9929 New Approaches Using the Internet

30. 10/28/9930 Just a Few Web Resources: n www.cdc.gov/niosh/noise.html n www.nih.gov/nidcd n www.osha.gov n www.aiha.org n www.caohc.org n www.lhh.org n www.hearingconservation.org n www.nsc.org