1. Engineering Standards Working within Constraints Ref: Voland, G., Engineering by Design. Addison Wesley, 1999

2. Motivation Define the boundaries within which the search for solutions must be conducted Enhance the effectiveness of the design Avoid designs that are illegal or hazardous Make designs economically viable

3. Types of Constraints or Specifications Physical Functional or Operational Environmental Economic Legal Human Factors/Ergonomics

4. Physical Space Allocation or Dimensional Requirements Weight Material Characteristics Power Requirements Ex. Physical Specification of Bus

5. Functional or Operational Protocols Modes of Operation Features Ex. Bus Functional Specification

6. Environmental Temperature Ranges Moisture Limits Dust Level Intensity of Light Noise Limits Potential Effects Upon People or Other Systems

7. Economic Limits on Production Cost Depreciation of Equipment Operating Cost Service or Maintenance Requirements Existence of Competitive Solutions in the Marketplace

8. Legal Governmental Safety Requirements Environmental or Pollution Control Codes Production Standards

9. Human Factors/Ergonomics Users Characteristics –Strength –Intelligence –Anatomical Dimensions –Visual Acuity –Hearing Discrimination –Reaction Time –Reading Skills

10. Sources of Engineering Standards Companies Engineering Societies Governments (U. S., others) Special Interest Groups Federations of Private and Public Interests (American and International) Independent Laboratories

11. Examples See http://www.dma.org/~rohrers/subject/standorg.htm for extensive list of links ACM (Association of Computing Machinery) AES (Audio Engineering Society) ANSI (American National Standards Institute) EIA (Electronic Industries Association) ESD (Electrostatic Discharge Association) IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) ISO (International Standards Organization) ITU (International Telecommunications Union) OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) PCI SIG (PCI Bus Special Interest Group) UL (Underwriters Laboratories) USB Developers (Universal Serial Bus Developers Forum)