1. Awareness Level Lesson 2A Presentation
Hazardous Materials for First Responders, 3rd Ed.

2. Are Hazardous Materials Present?
What clues may indicate the presence of hazardous materials?
What information do container shapes, placards, labels, and other markings give first responders?
This lesson will help answer these questions and aid you in identifying the presence of hazardous materials.
Awareness Level

3. Primary Clues Indicating Hazardous Materials
Occupancy types, locations, and pre-incident surveys
Container shapes
Transportation placards, labels, and markings
Other markings and colors (nontransportation)
Written resources
Senses
Monitoring and detection devices
Awareness Level

4. Purposes of Pre-Incident Surveys
Reduce the number of on-site decisions
Reduce oversights
Reduce confusion
Reduce duplication of efforts
(1 of 2)
Awareness Level

5. Purposes of Pre-Incident Surveys
Identify the following items:
Exposures to people, property, environment
Types, quantities, and locations of hazardous materials
Dangers of the hazardous materials
Building features
Site characteristics
Possible access/egress difficulties
Inherent limitations of the responding organizations
(2 of 2)
Awareness Level

6. Provisions Included in a LERP
Identifications
Reporting facilities
High-risk facilities
Likely routes for EHS transport
Methods/procedures to be followed in the event of any release of an extremely hazardous substance (EHS)
(1 of 3)
Awareness Level

7. Provisions Included in a LERP
Designation of a community emergency coordinator and facility emergency coordinators
Procedures to be used by coordinators in notifying:
Public
Persons designated in the emergency plan
Methods for determining the occurrence of a release and the area or population likely to be affected by such release
(2 of 3)
Awareness Level

8. Provisions Included in a LERP
Description of emergency equipment and facilities in the community
Evacuation plans
Training programs
Methods and schedules for exercising the emergency plans
(3 of 3)
Awareness Level

9. Commercial Occupancies Containing Hazardous Materials
Fuel storage facilities
Gas/service stations and convenience stores
Paint supply stores
Plant nurseries, garden centers, and agricultural facilities
Pest control and lawn care companies
Medical facilities
Photo processing laboratories
Dry cleaners
Plastics and high-technology factories
(1 of 2)
Awareness Level

10. Commercial Occupancies Containing Hazardous Materials
Mercantile concerns
Chemistry laboratories
Lumberyards
Feed/farm stores
Veterinary clinics
Print shops
Warehouses
Industrial and utility plants
Port shipping facilities
Treatment storage disposal facilities
(2 of 2)
Awareness Level

11. Hazardous Materials Found at Private Occupancies
Drain cleaners
Pesticides
Fertilizers
Paint products
Flammable liquids
Propane tanks
Awareness Level

12. Locations Likely to Have Hazardous Materials Incidents
Schools
Private property
Material transfer sites
Locations involving modes of transportation
Roadways
Railways
Waterways
Airways
Pipelines
Awareness Level

13. Bulk Packaging
Refers to a packaging, other than that on a vessel or barge, in which materials are loaded with no intermediate form of containment
Meets one of the following criteria:
Maximum capacity is greater than 119 gallons (450 L) as a receptacle for a liquid
Maximum net mass is greater that 882 pounds (400 kg) or maximum capacity is greater than 119 gallons (450 L) as a receptacle for a solid
Water capacity is 1,001 pounds (454 kg) or greater as a receptacle for a gas
Awareness Level

14. Nonbulk Packaging
Is smaller than minimum criteria established for bulk packaging
Composite packages and combination packages may also be classified as nonbulk packaging
Awareness Level

15. Atmospheric/Nonpressure Containers
Horizontal tank
Cone roof tank
Open top floating roof tank
Covered top floating roof tank
Covered top floating roof tank with geodesic dome
Lifter roof tank
Vapordome roof tank
Atmospheric underground storage tank
Awareness Level

16. Horizontal Tank
Awareness Level

17. Cone Roof Tank
Awareness Level

18. Open Top Floating Roof Tank
Awareness Level

19. Covered Top Floating Roof Tank
Awareness Level

20. Covered Top Floating Roof Tank with Geodesic Dome
Awareness Level

21. Lifter Roof Tank
Awareness Level

22. Vapordome Roof Tank
Awareness Level

23. Atmospheric Underground Storage Tank
Awareness Level

24. Low-Pressure Storage Tanks and Pressure Vessels
Dome roof tank
Spheroid tank
Noded spheroid tank
Horizontal pressure vessel
Spherical pressure vessel
Cryogenic-liquid storage tank
Awareness Level

25. Dome Roof Tank
Awareness Level

26. Spheroid Tank
Awareness Level

27. Noded Spheroid Tank
Awareness Level

28. Horizontal Pressure Vessel
Awareness Level

29. Spherical Pressure Vessel
Awareness Level

30. Cryogenic-Liquid Storage Tank
Awareness Level

31. Rail Tank Cars Nonpressure tank car Pressure tank car
Cryogenic liquid tank car
Pneumatically unloaded hopper car
High-pressure tube car
Awareness Level

32. Nonpressure Tank Car
Awareness Level

33. Pressure Tank Car
Awareness Level

34. Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car
Awareness Level

35. Pneumatically Unloaded Hopper Car
Awareness Level

36. High-Pressure Tube Car
Awareness Level

37. Cargo Tank Trucks Nonpressure liquid tank Low-pressure chemical tank
Corrosive liquid tank
High-pressure tank
Cryogenic liquid tank
Compressed-gas/tube trailer
Dry bulk cargo tanker
Awareness Level

38. Nonpressure Liquid Tank
Awareness Level

39. Low-Pressure Chemical Tank
Awareness Level

40. Corrosive Liquid Tank
Awareness Level

41. High-Pressure Tank
Awareness Level

42. Cryogenic Liquid Tank
Awareness Level

43. Compressed-Gas/Tube Trailer
Awareness Level

44. Dry Bulk Cargo Tank
Awareness Level

45. UN/DOT Hazard Classes Class 1: Explosives Class 2: Gases
Class 3: Flammable and combustible liquids
Class 4: Flammable solids, spontaneously combustible materials, and dangerous-when-wet materials
Class 5: Oxidizers and organic peroxides
(1 of 2)
Awareness Level

46. UN/DOT Hazard Classes
Class 6: Poison (toxic) and poison inhalation hazard
Class 7: Radioactive materials
Class 8: Corrosive materials
Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous goods
(2 of 2)
Awareness Level

47. UN Commodity Identification Numbers
A four-digit number assigned to each hazardous material listed in the current ERG
Often displayed on placards, labels, orange panels, and/or white diamonds
May be preceded by the letters NA or UN
Also appears on shipping papers
Assists first responders in identifying the material and referencing it in the ERG
(1 of 4)
Awareness Level

48. UN Commodity Identification Numbers
Display methods for UN commodity identification numbers
In a white rectangle inside a placard between the placard symbol and hazard class
In an orange rectangle beneath the placard
On a plain white square-on-point display configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard
(2 of 4)
Awareness Level

49. UN Commodity Identification Numbers
(3 of 4)
Awareness Level

50. UN Commodity Identification Numbers
Must be displayed on the following containers/packages:
Rail tank cars
Cargo tank trucks
Portable tanks
Bulk packages
Vehicle containers containing large quantities of hazardous materials
Certain nonbulk packages
(4 of 4)
Awareness Level

51. Parts of a DOT Placard Hazard Symbol Background Color Diamond shaped
4-Digit ID Number or Hazard Class Designation
Hazard Class Number
Awareness Level

52. Containers on Which DOT Placards May Be Found
Bulk packages
Rail tank cars
Cargo tank vehicles
Portable tanks
Unit load devices over 640 cubic feet (18 m3) in capacity containing hazardous materials
Certain nonbulk containers
Awareness Level

53. DOT Placard Color Codes
Explosive
Oxidizer
Flammable
Health Hazard
Water Reacative
Nonflammable Gas
Awareness Level

54. DOT Symbols Explosive Oxidizer Radioactive Flammable Poison Corrosive
Nonflammable Gas
Awareness Level

55. DOT Hazard Class 1: Explosives
Division 1.1 — Explosives with a mass explosion hazard
Division 1.2 — Explosives with a projection hazard
(1 of 3)
Awareness Level

56. DOT Hazard Class 1: Explosives
Division 1.3 — Explosives with predominantly a fire hazard
Division 1.4 — Explosives with a minor explosion hazard
(2 of 3)
Awareness Level

57. DOT Hazard Class 1: Explosives
Division 1.5 — Substances that have a mass explosion hazard but are very insensitive
Division 1.6 — Extremely insensitive detonating articles
(3 of 3)
Awareness Level

58. DOT Hazard Class 2: Gases
Division 2.1 — Flammable gases
Division 2.2 — Nonflammable, nonpoisonous compressed gases
(1 of 2)
Awareness Level

59. DOT Hazard Class 2: Gases
Division 2.3 — Gases toxic by inhalation
Oxygen placard — May be seen on containers with compressed gas or refrigerated liquid
(2 of 2)
Awareness Level

60. DOT Hazard Class 3: Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Flammable placard
Gasoline placard
(1 of 2)
Awareness Level

61. DOT Hazard Class 3: Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Combustible placard
Fuel oil placard
(2 of 2)
Awareness Level

62. DOT Hazard Class 4: Flammable Solids, Spontaneously Combustible Materials, and Dangerous-When-Wet Materials
Division 4.1 — Flammable solids
Division 4.2 — Spontaneously combustible materials
Division 4.3 — Dangerous-when-wet materials
Awareness Level

63. DOT Hazard Class 5: Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides
Division 5.1 — Oxidizers
Division 5.2 — Organic peroxides
Awareness Level

64. DOT Hazard Class 6: Poison (Toxic) and Poison Inhalation Hazard
Division 6.1 — Poisonous material
Division 6.2 — Infectious substances
Packing Group III
(See labels)
(1 of 2)
Awareness Level

65. DOT Hazard Class 6: Poison (Toxic) and Poison Inhalation Hazard
Inhalation Hazard Placard
Harmful Placard
(2 of 2)
Awareness Level

66. DOT Hazard Class 7: Radioactive Materials
Awareness Level

67. DOT Hazard Class 8: Corrosive Materials
Awareness Level

68. DOT Hazard Class 9: Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods
Miscellaneous placard
Dangerous placard
Awareness Level

69. Primary Hazard Characteristics of DOT Hazard Class Materials
Class 1: Explosives
Thermal
Mechanical
Class 2: Gases
Asphyxiation
Chemical
(1 of 5)
Awareness Level

70. Primary Hazard Characteristics of DOT Hazard Class Materials
Class 3: Flammable and combustible liquids
Thermal
Asphyxiation
Chemical
Mechanical
(2 of 5)
Awareness Level

71. Primary Hazard Characteristics of DOT Hazard Class Materials
Class 4: Flammable solids, spontaneously combustible materials, and dangerous-when-wet materials
Thermal
Chemical
Mechanical
Class 5: Oxidizers and organic peroxides
(3 of 5)
Awareness Level

72. Primary Hazard Characteristics of DOT Hazard Class Materials
Class 6: Poison (toxic) and poison inhalation hazard
Chemical
Thermal
Class 7: Radioactive materials — Radiological hazards, including burns and biological effects
(4 of 5)
Awareness Level

73. Primary Hazard Characteristics of DOT Hazard Class Materials
Class 8: Corrosive materials
Chemical
Thermal
Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous goods
(5 of 5)
Awareness Level

74. Characteristics of DOT Labels
Provide same information as vehicle placards
Are posted on packages
Are 3.9-inch (100 mm), square-on-point diamonds, that (with the exception of Class 7 labels) may or may not have written text
Require subsidiary risk labels for materials that meet the definition of more than one hazard class
Awareness Level

75. Unique DOT Labels Explosive subsidiary risk Flammable liquid (1 of 6)
Awareness Level

76. Unique DOT Labels Infectious substances Biohazard (2 of 6)
Awareness Level

77. Unique DOT Labels
Etiological agents
(3 of 6)
Awareness Level

78. Unique DOT Labels Radioactive I Radioactive II Radioactive III
(4 of 6)
Awareness Level

79. Unique DOT Labels
Fissile
Empty
(5 of 6)
Awareness Level

80. Unique DOT Labels Magnetized material Danger (cargo aircraft only)
(6 of 6)
Awareness Level

81. DOT Chart 12 Markings
Hot
Marine pollutant
(1 of 4)
Awareness Level

82. DOT Chart 12 Markings Inhalation hazard Fumigant (2 of 4)
Awareness Level

83. DOT Chart 12 Markings
Orientation
ORM-D
(3 of 4)
Awareness Level

84. DOT Chart 12 Markings ORM-D-Air Inner packaging (4 of 4)
Awareness Level

85. Other Markings and Colors Indicating Hazardous Materials
Other markings, markings systems, labels, labeling systems, colors, color-codes, and signs may indicate the presence of hazardous materials
May be as simple as a stenciled word
May be site-specific
Awareness Level

86. Specialized Systems for Hazardous Materials
NFPA 704
Common hazardous communications labels
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Globally harmonized system
Military markings
Pipeline identifications
(1 of 2)
Awareness Level

87. Specialized Systems for Hazardous Materials
Piping systems
American Petroleum Institute (API) markings
Pesticide labels
Color codes
(2 of 2)
Awareness Level

88. NFPA 704
Flammability
Health
Instability
(1 of 8)
Awareness Level

89. NFPA 704
Provides a method for indicating the presence of hazardous materials at:
Commercial facilities
Manufacturing facilities
Institutional facilities
Other fixed-storage facilities
(2 of 8)
Awareness Level

90. NFPA 704 Not designed for the following situations: Transportation
General public use
Nonemergency occupational exposures
Explosive and blasting agents
Chronic health hazards
Etiologic agents, and other similar hazards
(3 of 8)
Awareness Level

91. NFPA 704
Benefits of NFPA 704
Provides an appropriate signal to first responders that hazardous materials are present
Identifies the general hazards and degree of severity for health, flammability, and instability
Provides immediate information necessary to protect lives of the public and emergency response personnel
(4 of 8)
Awareness Level

92. NFPA 704 Health — Blue 4 — Severe hazard 3 — Serious hazard
2 — Moderate hazard
1 — Slight hazard
0 — Minimal hazard
(5 of 8)
Awareness Level

93. NFPA 704 Flammability — Red
4 — Flammable gases, volatile liquids, pyrophoric materials
3 — Ignites at ambient temperatures
2 — Ignites when moderately heated
1 — Must be preheated to burn
0 — Will not burn
(6 of 8)
Awareness Level

94. NFPA 704 Instability — Yellow
4 — Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at ambient conditions
3 — Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition with strong initiating source
2 — Violent chemical change possible at elevated temperature and pressure
1 — Normally stable, but becomes unstable if heated
0 — Normally stable
(7 of 8)
Awareness Level

95. NFPA 704 Special hazards Located at 6 o’clock
Have no special background although white is most often used
May contain one of two special symbols
W — Unusual reactivity with water
OX — Oxidizer
(8 of 8)
Awareness Level

96. Hazard Communications Labels and Markings
A variety of labeling systems are used to comply with the requirements of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)
Many resemble NFPA 704
Communicate hazards under normal conditions
May have differences in ratings
Usually provided on vertically stacked bars
Awareness Level

97. Manufacturer’s Labels and Signal Words
Must be used by chemical manufacturers and importers
Must include one of four signal words if for consumer use:
CAUTION — Minor health effects
WARNING — Moderate hazards
DANGER — Highest degree of hazard
POISON — Highly toxic (pesticides)
(1 of 2)
Awareness Level

98. Manufacturer’s Labels and Signal Words
Must include specific information:
Name and business address of the manufacturer, packer, distributor, or seller
Name of each hazardous ingredient
Statement of the principal hazard
Precautionary statements
Instructions for first-aid treatment
Instructions for special handling or storage
Statement “Keep out of the reach of children.”
(2 of 2)
Awareness Level

99. Hazard Communication Symbols
Biological
Chemical
Nuclear/ Radiological
Carcinogen/ Cancer
Awareness Level

100. U.S. Military Fire Division Symbols
Division 1: Mass explosion
May also be used for Division 5: Mass Explosion — Very insensitive explosives
Division 2: Explosion with fragment hazard
May also be used for Division 6: Nonmass Explosion — Extremely insensitive ammunition
(1 of 2)
Awareness Level

101. U.S. Military Fire Division Symbols
Division 3: Mass fire
Division 4: Moderate fire — No blast
(2 of 2)
Awareness Level

102. U.S. Military Hazardous Chemical Markings
Wear full protective clothing (Set One) — Indicates the presence of highly toxic chemical agents that may cause death or serious damage to body functions
Mnemonic: “Red You’re Dead”
Wear full protective clothing (Set Two) — Indicates the presence of harassing agents
Mnemonic: “Yellow You’re Mellow”
(1 of 3)
Awareness Level

103. U.S. Military Hazardous Chemical Markings
Wear full protective clothing (Set Three) — Indicates the presence of white phosphorus and other spontaneously combustible material
Mnemonic: “White is Bright”
Wear Breathing Apparatus — Indicates the presence of incendiary and readily flammable chemical agents that present an intense heat hazard
(2 of 3)
Awareness Level

104. U.S. Military Hazardous Chemical Markings
Apply No Water — Indicates a dangerous reaction will occur if water is used in an attempt to extinguish the fire
(3 of 3)
Awareness Level

105. U.S. Military Supplemental Chemical Hazards Markings
G-Type Nerve Agents
VX Nerve Agents
Incapacitating Nerve Agent
(1 of 2)
Awareness Level

106. U.S. Military Supplemental Chemical Hazards Markings
H-type Mustard Agent/ Blister Agent
Lewisite Blister Agent
(2 of 2)
Awareness Level

107. Pipeline Marker Information
Signal words CAUTION, WARNING, or DANGER
Information describing the transported commodity
Name and emergency telephone number of the carrier
Awareness Level

108. Pipeline Color Codes Yellow — High-hazard materials
Green — Low-hazard liquids or liquid mixtures
Blue — Low-hazard gases or gaseous mixtures
Red — Fire-suppression materials
Awareness Level

109. Pipe Markings Identify contents of the pipe
Additional information if special hazards are concerns
Arrows showing direction of flow within the pipe
Awareness Level

110. U.S. and Canadian Safety Color Codes
Red — Means Danger or Stop; is used on containers of flammable liquids, emergency stop bars, stop buttons, and fire-protection equipment
Orange — Means Warning; is used on hazardous machinery with parts that can crush or cut or energized equipment
(1 of 3)
Awareness Level

111. U.S. and Canadian Safety Color Codes
Yellow — Means Caution; solid yellow, yellow and black stripes, or yellow and black checkers may be used to indicate physical hazards such as tripping hazards; also used on containers of corrosive or unstable materials
Green — Marks safety equipment such as first-aid stations, safety showers, and exit routes
(2 of 3)
Awareness Level

112. U.S. and Canadian Safety Color Codes
Blue — Marks safety information signage such as labels or markings indicating the type of required personal protective equipment (PPE)
(3 of 3)
Awareness Level

113. Summary
Awareness-level first responders need to be able to identify the possible presence of hazardous materials at an incident. There are many clues that first responders need to be aware of and knowledgeable about.
Awareness-level first responders should be familiar with transportation placards, labels, and markings as well as other clues such as container shapes and written resources.
Awareness Level

114. Awareness Level

115. Homework
1. Which of the following is a purpose of a pre-incident survey?
A. Legal protection B. Reduce number of personnel needed
C. Identify cost of clean-up D. Identify possible access/egress difficulties
2. Which of the following should the LERP identify?
A. Likely routes for bicycle and pedestrian traffic B. Likely routes for commuter travel
C. Likely routes for extremely hazardous substance transport
D. Likely routes for livestock transport
3. Which of the following refers to packaging, other than that on a vessel or barge, in which materials are loaded with no intermediate form of containment?
Primary packaging B. Secondary packaging
C. Bulk packaging D. Nonbulk packaging
4. What materials are included in UN/DOT hazard Class 1?
A. Explosives B. Gases C. Flammable liquids D. Corrosive substances
Awareness Level

116. Homework 5. What materials are included in UN/DOT hazard Class 2?
A. Explosives B. Gases C. Flammable liquids D. Corrosive substances
6. What is the four-digit number assigned to each hazardous material listed in the current ERG?
A. OSHA hazard identification number B. EPA substance material number
C. UN commodity identification number D. Federal government hazard control number
7. What type of hazard does the DOT placard color blue represent?
A. Oxidizer B. Flammable C. Health hazard D. Water reactive
8. What type of hazard does the DOT placard color white represent?
A. Oxidizer B. Flammable C. Health hazard D. Water reactive
Awareness Level

117. Homework
9. Which of the following substances is an example of a UN/DOT Class 1 material?
A. Dynamite B. Propane C. Gasoline D. Phosphorus
10. Which of the following hazards is a primary hazard associated with UN/DOT hazard Class 1?
A. Asphyxiation B. Mechanical C. Radiological D. Chemical
11. Which DOT Chart 12 marking is used on elevated temperature materials?
A. Inner packaging B. ORM-D C. Hot marking
D. Fumigant marking
12. Which NFPA 704 color refers to health hazards?
A. Blue B. Red C. Yellow D. White
Awareness Level

118. Homework 13. Which NFPA 704 color refers to instability?
A. Blue B. Red C. Yellow D. White
14. Which word refers to minor health effects on manufacturer’s labels that comply with the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard?
A. Caution B. Warning C. Danger D. Poison
15. Which color represents high-hazard materials in the U.S. pipeline color codes?
A. Green B. Yellow C. Blue D. Red
16. Which color marks safety equipment in the ANSI Z535.1 color codes?
Awareness Level

119. Homework 17. Which color means Warning in the ANSI Z535.1 color codes?
A. Green B. Yellow C. Blue D. Orange
18. Which number represents the highest hazard in the NFPA 704 system?
A B C D. 4
19. What is located in the 6 o’clock position on the NFPA 704 system?
A. Instability hazards B. Health hazards
C. Special hazards D. Flammability hazards
20. Which marking identifies an incapacitating nerve agent in U.S. military supplemental chemical hazards markings?
A. G-inside circle B. L-inside circle
C. BZ-inside circle D. H-inside circle
Awareness Level

120. Awareness Level Lesson 2A Presentation
Hazardous Materials for First Responders, 3rd Ed.