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Energy and the Cell
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Figure 5.10_1 Fuel Energy conversion Waste products Gasoline Oxygen Heat energy Combustion Kinetic energy of movement Energy conversion in a car Carbon dioxide Water
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Figure 5.10_2 Oxygen Glucose Energy conversion in a cell Energy for cellular work Cellular respiration ATP Heat energy Carbon dioxide Water Fuel Energy conversion Waste products
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Figure 5.12A_s1 Adenine P P P Phosphate group ATP:Adenosine Triphosphate Ribose p. 82
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Figure 5.12A_s2 ADP: Adenosine Diphosphate P P P Energy H2OH2O Hydrolysis Ribose Adenine P P P Phosphate group ATP:Adenosine Triphosphate
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Figure 5.12B ATP ADP P P P P P P P P P Chemical work Mechanical workTransport work Reactants Motor protein Solute Membrane protein Product Molecule formed Protein filament moved Solute transported p. 82
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other players NAD: NAD + and NADH + H + – like casino chips-eventually cash them for ‘real’ money: real money in cells = ATP NADPH: like NADH but in plants FAD: similar to NAD
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Figure 6.5A Glucose Heat C 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2 CO 2 H2OH2O ATP 6 6 6 Loss of hydrogen atoms (becomes oxidized) Gain of hydrogen atoms (becomes reduced) p. 91
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C lost e- = oxidized & O gained e- = reduced Xe - + Y → X+ Ye - + NRG oxidation reduction X lost e- = oxidized & Y gained e- = reduced transfer of e - from one atom to another is what yields free NRG
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C lost e- = oxidized & O gained e- = reduced C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + NRG oxidation reduction C lost e- = oxidized & O gained e- = reduced transfer of H to O (making H 2 O) is what yields free NRG
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NAD + + 2H → NADH + H + is now reduced oxidation H-C-OH + NAD + C=O + NADH + H + reduction dehydrogenase
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Figure 6.5C Controlled release of energy for synthesis of ATP NADH NAD HH HH O2O2 H2OH2O 2 2 2 ATP Electron transport chain 2 1
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