1. Is Providing More Technology for C4ISR & Security a Good Idea? Bob Chamberlain President Monterey Technologies, Inc. (831) 648-3305 bchamberlain@montereytechnologies.com

2. Situation Summary “Soon we’ll be swimming in sensors and drowning in data” Brig. Gen. Robert P. "Bob" Otto Director of Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Capabilities, Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C.

3. Why is this? The current focus is on acquiring new hardware and software systems without any focus on understanding the users’ capabilities and limitations, and developing systems with a user- centered design approach that meets the users’ needs

4. Typical Systems Engineering Design Approach The system design is great if: – Meets all functional requirements – meets all physical & engineering requirements (e.g. weight, cube, power, cooling, etc.) – meets the cost target – Meets the development schedule But: The operator can’t figure out how to use it

5. Systems Engineering Program Manager’s typical approach Implementing a user-centered design approach will only add to my project cost and schedule Translation: We know what we are doing We know what our customers want We can design the product to the specifications Why waste time and money on human factors?

6. Result of a Systems Engineering Design Effort

7. Another systems engineering design result

8. Are these C4ISR operators swimming in sensors and drowning in data?

9. UAV Ground Station Design Project Young people enlisting in the Army today come in with 2000 hours of “thumb time” (Playing video games) Prime Contractor Product Development Manager

10. The Problem The Product Development team did NOT understand their target user group, but THOUGHT they did

11. System Design Rules to live by: You will not collect valid data by asking people what they think You will not solve the problem by purchasing technology, rather than understanding the user

12. One Approach to Technology Design

13. Do these system designers understand their user community? Digital cameras typically have over 300 functions

14. What is your design approach?

15. How will the user perform with this design?

16. Engineering vs. User-Centered Design

17. The pilot must aviate, navigate, communicate, AND execute the mission!

18. The Problem: The Engineering Team thinks this is a good design!

19. How do we fix the problem? RFP’s must do a better job of addressing HFE & HSI issues Require Prime Contractors to actually execute the Human Engineering Plan Write HFE &HSI requirements into the CDRL’s User community analysis Functional requirements analysis Task Analysis Workload/workflow analysis User-centered design prototypes Usability testing Government HSI/HFE Experts must advocate with the RFP development group to include appropriate language and requirements in the RFP SOW When it’s in the contract, the prime contractor will do it, when it’s not it DOESN’T GET DONE!

20. Questions?

21. Contact Information: Bob Chamberlain (831) 648-3305 bchamberlain@montereytechnologies.com