1. 1 4-H Science Camp: Robotics at OSU Army Research Lab Brent Perteet James McClintock Daniel Cruz Colby Toland Kyle Hutchins Dr. Rafael Fierro MARHES Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74078 July 22, 2006

2. 2 What are we going to do today? Introduction to Robotics Videos of different types of robots Group activities: A Real UAV: The MARHES Blimp The MARHES Multi-Vehicle Testbed Robotic Games: Marco Polo, Scavenger Hunt, and Robot Jeopardy Hardware, Software, and Control: How Robots Really Work Questions and Answers Pay special to the words in BOLD. We’ll be playing “Robot Jeopardy” with the Scorpion Robots later!

3. 3 What is a robot? 1.A robot is a mechanical and electrical device that can perform preprogrammed physical tasks. 2.An intelligent and obedient but impersonal machine 3.Any machine that does work on its own, automatically after it is programmed by humans. The word “robot” is very general. It comes from the Czech word “robota” which means “industrial labor.”

4. 4 What is a robot? RobotNon-Robot Alarm clockWalkman Timed traffic lightCar MicrowaveTypewriter PhotocopierBicycle VCR/TivoFlashlight Examples of Robots and Non-Robots in Everyday Life “Elektro” and “Sparko” Two of the first robots (1939) Seven feet tall, weighing 300 pounds, humanoid in appearance, it could walk, talk, “breathe,” and move its head and arms. Remember our definition of a robot: “Any machine that does work on its own, automatically, after it is programmed by humans.”

5. 5 What are robots good for? Robots are useful for: Doing the same task over and over again Going places too dangerous for humans Guarding buildings Building things Vacuuming your house Entertainment Unlike humans: Robots never get bored or tired Robots never need to rest Robots never get sick

6. 6 Human and Robot Similarities Sight Brain Touch Locomotion (“Walking”) Arm Hand

7. 7 Autonomous Robots Autonomous means something that is independent and is not controlled by others. For a robot, this means that it can make decisions and control itself without a human guiding it. Autonomous robots have different kinds of sensors to help it make decisions, just like you! Sensors detect different things (light, sound, movement, etc.) and turn them into electrical signals. An autonomous robot can use its sensors to detect things that are in its way and make a decision to move around those things. This is called obstacle avoidance. An autonomous robot might also need to know where it is. It can use other sensors such as a camera, a GPS, and wheel encoders to help it to localize itself in the environment.

8. 8 Autonomous Robots Robots can’t think like a human, even though people are working on artificial intelligence or “computer thinking.” Instead, they make decisions by using algorithms which are just procedures or recipes. In a robot, some of these algorithms are called controllers. A lot of work and research is being done now with teams of robots. With several robots cooperating with each other and with humans, the team can accomplish more than a single robot by itself. When you go on a trip, you may have a map and sit down before you leave to plan where you are going. In the same way, autonomous robots can take what they know about where they are and where they want to go and plan a path of how to get there. This is a called path planning.

9. 9 Types of Robots: Industrial Adept Viper s1300 assembling products handling dangerous materials spraying on finishes inspecting parts, produce, and even livestock cutting and polishing products Industrial Robots make up 90% of all robots that are used today Links Joints Wrist Industrial Robots might also be called “robotic arms” or “manipulators” Industrial Robots are used in factories for:

10. 10 Types of Robots: Mobile Military Robot Climbing Robot “Ghostrider” Motorcycle Robot ASIMO Humanoid Robot The hardest thing for a robot to do is one of the easiest things for a human to do – walk! Mobile robots are the largest group of robot types. Include many types: Climbing Walking Humanoid Wheeled

11. 11 Types of Robots: Mobile MARHES TXT Truck Medical Robot Micro Robot Quarter “Scorpion” Robot “Roomba” and “Scooba” Vacuum Cleaner Robots

12. 12 Types of Robots: Aerial (Flying) UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Airplanes, helicopters, blimps Used for surveillance from high in the sky Fly by themselves Small helicopter UAVs could be used to search for people trapped in a building after an earthquake MARHES Blimp Air Force Global Hawk Micro Helicopter UAV

13. 13 Let’s go see some robots! Divide into 4 groups of about 11 students each.