1. OptIPuter and ENDfusion- Eliminating Bandwidth as an Obstacle in Data Intensive Sciences 21 st NORDUnet Networking Conference Reykjavik, Iceland August 26, 2003 Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies Harry E. Gruber Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

2. Abstract The OptIPuter is a radical distributed visualization, teleimmersion, data mining, and computing architecture. The National Science Foundation recently awarded a six-campus research consortium a five-year large Information Technology Research grant to construct working prototypes of the OptIPuter on campus, regional, national, and international scales. The OptIPuter project is driven by applications leadership from two scientific communities, the US National NSF's EarthScope and the National Institutes of Health's Biomedical Imaging Research Network (BIRN), both of which are beginning to produce a flood of large 3D data objects (e.g., 3D brain images or a SAR terrain datasets) which are stored in distributed federated data repositories. The project is led by the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology and by the Electronic Visualization Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Essentially, the OptIPuter is a "virtual metacomputer" in which the individual "processors" are widely distributed Linux PC clusters; the "backplane" is provided by Internet Protocol (IP) delivered over multiple dedicated 1-10 Gbps optical wavelengths; and, the "mass storage systems" are large distributed scientific data repositories, fed by scientific instruments as OptIPuter peripheral devices, operated in near real-time. Collaboration, visualization, and teleimmersion tools are provided on tiled mono or stereo super-high definition screens directly connected to the OptIPuter to enable distributed analysis and decision making. A new proposal called "ENDfusion: End-to-End Data Fusion in a National-Scale Urban Emergency Collaboratory" adapts and extends some of the OptIPuter concepts to support collaboratories for high resolution geographic information systems and earthquake response.

3. Where is Telecommunications Research Performed? A Historic Shift Source: Bob Lucky, Telcordia/SAIC U.S. Industry Non-U.S. Universities U.S. Universities Percent Of The Papers Published IEEE Transactions On Communications 70% 85%

4. Cal-(IT) 2 – Research on the Future of the Internet www.calit2.net 220 UC San Diego & UC Irvine Faculty Working in Multidisciplinary Teams With Students, Industry, and the Community The California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

5. Application Barrier One: Shared Internet Limits Speed of File Transfers NASA Earth Observation System –Over 100,000 Users –Two Million Data Products Delivered per Year Measured Throughput for Data Transfers –10-40 Mbps (May 2003) Mainly Over Abilene –Interactive Megabyte Possible

6. Application Barrier Two: Gigabyte Science Data Objects Hundred Million Pixel 2-D Images –Microscopy or Telescopes –Remote Sensing GigaZone 3-D Objects –Supercomputer Simulations –Seismic or Medical Imaging Interactive Analysis and Visualization of Such Data Objects is Impossible Over Shared Internet

7. Very Large Biological Montage Images 2-Photon Laser Confocal Microscope –High Speed - Ultrawide Field –On-line Capability Image Sizes Exceed 16x Highest Resolution Monitors –~150 Million Pixels! Source: David Lee, NCMIR, UCSD IBM 9M Pixels

8. TeraFLOP Computing Enables High Resolution of 3D Flow Details 1024x1024x1024- A Billion Zone Computation of Compressible Turbulence This Simulation Run on Los Alamos ASCI SGI Origin Array U. Minn.SGI Visual Supercomputer Renders Images Vorticity LCSE, Univ of Minnesota

9. Removing User Networking Barriers: Global Intellectual Convergence SERENATE is a Strategic Study into the Evolution of European Research and Education Networking Over the Next 5-10 Years Some Findings –On A Multi-year Timescale, Move Towards Optical Switching –Evolution Towards Heterogeneous NREN Networks (and GÉANT), with General Internet Use (Many-to-many) via Classical Packet Switching and: –Specialised High-Speed Traffic (Few-to-Few) via Optical Paths? OptIPuter Project –Even End-to-End Paths?? ENDfusion Project Source: David Williams, CERN

10. From SuperComputers to SuperNetworks-- Changing the Grid Design Point The TeraGrid is Optimized for Computing –1024 IA-64 Nodes Linux Cluster –Assume 1 GigE per Node = 1 Terabit/s I/O –Grid Optical Connection 4x10Gig Lambdas = 40 Gigabit/s –Optical Connections are Only 4% Bisection Bandwidth The OptIPuter is Optimized for Bandwidth –32 IA-64 Node Linux Cluster –Assume 1 GigE per Processor = 32 gigabit/s I/O –Grid Optical Connection 4x10GigE = 40 Gigabit/s –Optical Connections are Over 100% Bisection Bandwidth

11. OptIPuter LambdaGrid Global Laboratory NSF Large Information Technology Research Grant –$13.5 Million Over Five Years UCSD and UIC Lead CampusesLarry Smarr PI –Co-PIs: Tom DeFanti, Jason Leigh, Phil Papadopoulos, Mark Ellisman –Project Manager, Maxine Brown Partnering Campuses –USC, UCI, SDSU, NU, Texas A&M, Univ. Amsterdam Industrial Partners: –IBM, Sun, Telcordia/SAIC, Chiaro Networks, Calient, Glimmerglass Driven by Large NSF and NIH Applications www.optiputer.net Lake Tahoe Brain Tissue NSF EarthScope NIH Biomedical Informatics Research Network

12. Science Drivers for a Radical New Net-Centric ArchitectureThe OptIPuter Data Intensive Neuro & Earth Sciences –Each Data Object is 3D and Gigabytes –Data in Distributed Federated Repository –Want to Interactively Analyze and Visualize –Need End-to-End Deterministic Networks OptIPuter Science Requirements –Computing PC Clusters –Communications Dedicated Lambdas –Data Large Lambda Attached Storage –Visualization Viz Clusters –Global Collaboration Multi-Scale Latencies Goal: Punch a Hole Through the Internet Between Researchers Lab and Remote Data!

13. What is the Best Application Usage of Routed vs. Switched Lambdas? OptIPuter Evaluating Both –Routers –Chiaro –Juniper –Cisco –Force10 –Optical Switches –Calient –Glimmerglass UCSD Focusing on Routing Initially UIC Focusing on Switching initially Next Year Merge into Mixed Optical Fabric

14. ½ Mile SIO SDSC CRCA Phys. Sci - Keck SOM JSOE Preuss 6 th College SDSC Annex Node M Earth Sciences SDSC Medicine Engineering High School To CENIC Collocation Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC; Greg Hidley, Cal-(IT) 2 Funded by NSF OptIPuter Grant and UCSD Chiaro Estara Juniper T320 The UCSD OptIPuter Deployment OptIPuter Campus-Scale Experimental Network

15. OptIPuter Metro-Scale Experimental Network Linked UCSD and SDSU –Dedication March 4, 2002 Linking Control Rooms Cox, Panoram, SAIC, SGI, IBM, TeraBurst Networks SD Telecom Council UCSD SDSU 44 Miles of Cox Fiber

16. Proposed OptIPuter State-Scale Experimental Network UCSD SDSU USC UCI NASA Ames? Source: CENIC

17. Proposed OptIPuter Dedicated Optical Fiber National-Scale Experimental Network Source: John Silvester, Dave Reese, Tom West-CENIC National Lambda Rail Chicago OptIPuter Starlight NU, UIC SoCal OptIPuter USC, UCI UCSD, SDSU

18. OptIPuter Uses TransLight Lambdas to Connect Current and Potential International-Scale Partners Source: Tom DeFanti, UIC The OptIPuter Was Born Global! Starlight NU, UIC Univ. of Amsterdam NetherLight Current OptIPuter

19. OptIPuter Open Source LambdaGrid Software for Distributed Virtual Computers Source: Andrew Chien, UCSD OptIPuter Software Architect

20. OptIPuter Protocol Experiments on TeraGrid Lambdas SDSC To NCSA2x10Gbps Lambdas –30 Itanium Cluster Nodes at Each End –Streamed 2 Gigabytes of Data –100 Times, Each At A Rate Of 1 Gb Quantas Reliable Blast UDP Protocol (RBUDP) –Quanta Is An Extensive Toolkit For Data Sharing www.evl.uic.edu/cavern/quanta www.evl.uic.edu/cavern/quanta –Throughput of 18.6Gbps / 20Gbs Original User Transfer Rate –TCP/IP 10 Mbps Over 10 Gb Lambda –Paul Woodward, Fluid Dynamics Simulation Data –1000x Improvement Source: Jason Leigh, UIC EVL www.evl.uic.edu/cavern/rg/20030817_he

21. Invisible Nodes, Elements, Hierarchical, Centrally Controlled, Fairly Static Traditional Provider Services: Invisible, Static Resources, Centralized Management OptIPuter: Distributed Device, Dynamic Services, Visible & Accessible Resources, Integrated As Required By Apps Limited Functionality, Flexibility Unlimited Functionality, Flexibility Source: Joe Mambretti, Oliver Yu, George Clapp LambdaGrid Control Plane Paradigm Shift

22. Extending to IPv6 Amsterdam to Japan Using Native IPv6 Network Juniper M40 SDSC 6tap/StarLight TransPAC APAN OC3 R Osaka University UHVEM (Osaka, Japan) oc3 Tokyo XP ATM SW ATM SW SDSC V6 services Gb Ether ESnet Native IPv6 oc12 peer SURFnet R IGRID 2002 (Amsterdam, Sept 2002) SURFnet Juniper T640 Supercomputing 2002 Baltimore, Nov 2002 VBNS WIDE network IPv6 via JGN Gb Ether oc192 Abilene NCMIR (San Diego) Source: UCSDs Tom Hutton, SDSC & David Lee, NCMIR Last Week Partially On Lambdas!

23. Cal Office of Emergency Services UCI SDSU San Diego Downtown US Geological Survey ACCESS DC UIC UC/ANL NCSA Facility UCSD Jacobs & SIO StarLight @ NU ENDfusion: End-to-End Networks for Data Fusion in a National-Scale Urban Emergency Collaboratory Source: Maxine Brown, EVL, UIC Width Of The Rainbows = Amount of Bandwidth Managed As Lambdas Blue Lines Are Conventional Networks

24. Real-Time Earthquake Alerts Very Important in Iceland! http://hraun.vedur.is

25. Planning for Optically Linking Crisis Management Control Rooms in California California Office of Emergency Services, Sacramento, CA

26. Crisis Management Will Require Ultra-High Resolution Remote Imaging US Geological Survey EROS Center Data: –133 Urban Areas: –One Foot Resolution –100,000 x 100,000 Pixels for 20 sq.mile Urban Area –10 Billion Pixels/Image! JuxtaView (UIC EVL) for PerspecTile LCD Wall –Digital Montage Viewer –6000x3000 Pixel Resolution Display Is Powered By –16 PCs with Graphics Cards –2 Gigabit Networking per PC Source: Jason Leigh, EVL, UIC; USGS EROS

27. ENDfusion Virtual 3D High Resolution Campus With High Resolution Stereo Imagery SDSU Campus Center 4 cm Resolution Infrared Source: Laurie Cooper, SDSU Eric Frost, Dawn Wise, SDSU-OptIPuter Each Square Meter Will Have a Unique IPv6 Internet Address Four IPv6 Addresses

28. A High Definition Access Grid as Imagined In 2007 In A HiPerCollab Source: Jason Leigh, EVL, UIC Augmented Reality SuperHD StreamingVideo 100-Megapixel Tiled Display ENDfusion Project