1. Leveraging Information Technology and Telecommunications for Crisis Management
Invited Talk to
The Workshop on Crisis Response
University of California, Irvine
March 19, 2002
Dr. Larry Smarr
Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies
Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering
Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

2. IT and Telecomm are the Key Technologies for Crisis Management
How Do We Know:
The Detailed Current State of the System NOW?
What the Future Evolution of the Situation is Likely to Be?
How Can We Achieve:
An Overall Situational Awareness?
A Common Operational Picture?
How Do We Communicate With:
Crisis Managers?
First Responders?
How Can We Decide:
Which Problem to Attack First?
Which Assets Should Be Deployed Where and When?

3. How Can the “Future Internet” Enhance Capabilities for Emergency Preparedness?
Enabled by Expansion of Internet Infrastructure
Wireless Extends Coverage Everywhere
Optical Backbone Provides High Bandwidth
New Generation of Sensors and Receivers
Three Tier System
Wireless SensorNets Brings Data to Repositories
Collaborative Crisis Management Data Centers
Remote Wireless Devices Interrogate Databases
Building a “Living-in-the-Future” Laboratory
UCSD, UCI, and SDSU Campuses
San Diego, Orange County, Cross Border
Collaboration with City, County, and State Govts.

4. Cal-(IT)2 Has an Emerging Focus on Homeland Security
UCSD Chancellor is Leading Campus-wide Discussions
UCI Has Submitted ITR on Crisis Management
Cal-(IT)2 Meetings with SD County, Cal OES, SPAWAR, SAIC
System Integrate Early Warning Systems
Developing MEMS to Nano Wireless Chem/BioSensors
Set up Prototype Distributed Disaster Response System
High Tech Coast GIS coupled to XML Mediation
Medical Record Distributed Database as Early Project
Ubiquitous Connectivity Expanded to First Responders

5. A Layered Software Architecture is Needed for Defense and Civilian Applications
SPAWAR
Systems
Center
San Diego

6. Cal-(IT)2 -- An Integrated Approach to Research on the Future of the Internet
220 UCSD & UCI Faculty
Working in Multidisciplinary Teams
With Students, Industry, and the Community
Over Fifty Industrial Partners

7. Building “Living Laboratories”
Extend Research Outside of Building
Using the Internet to Create Laboratories
Students, Faculty, and Industry
In Partnership with Surrounding Communities
Focus on Dual Use for Crisis Management
Civil Infrastructure
California Water System
Transportation

8. Using Students to Invent the Future of Widespread Use of Wireless Pocket PCs
Year- Long “Living Laboratory” Experiment
Computer Science & Engineering Undergraduates
500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Pocket PCs at UC San Diego
50 Compaq Pocket PCs at UC Irvine
Currently Using Local Area Network Wireless Internet
Experiments with Geo-location and Interactive Maps
UC Irvine
UC San Diego
Cal-(IT)2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabriele Wienhausen, UCSD; Rajesh Gupta, UCI

9. PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC
The FCC Unlicensed Band Can be Used to Create a High Speed Wireless Backbone
The High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network
A Cal-(IT)2 Academic Partner
Enabling a Broad Set of Science Applications and Crisis Management
Allows for Internet Deployment to Remote Locations
NSF Funded
PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC
Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO
45mbps Duplex Backbone

10. A Cal-(IT)2 Academic Partner
HPWREN Project Demo of Fast Setup Wireless Internet for Crisis Response
A Cal-(IT)2 Academic Partner

11. Cal-(IT)2 is Developing the Required Wireless Services Middleware
Applications
Wireless Services Interface
Real-Time
Services
Power
Control
Location
Awareness
Mobile
Code
Security
Data
Management
UCI Wireless
Infrastructures
UCSD Wireless
J. Pasquale, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2

12. Operating System Services are Needed for Power / Performance Management
Management of Power and Performance
Efficient Way to Exchange Energy/Power Related Info
Among Hardware / OS / Applications
Power-Aware API
Application
Power Aware API
PA-API - Power aware function calls available to the application writer. Some functions of this layer are specific to certain scheduling techniques.
PA-Middleware - Power aware services implemented on the top of the OS (power management threads, data handling, etc...).
POSIX - Standard interface for OS system calls. This isolates PA-API and PA-Middleware from OS.
PA-OSL - Power aware OS layer. Calls related to modified OS services should go through this level. Also isolates OS from PA-API and PA-Middleware.
PA-HAL - Power Aware Hardware Abstraction Layer. Isolates OS from underlying power aware hardware. Here are implemented the functions available to the operating system writer.
Modified OS services - Implementation / modification of OS services in a power related fashion. Ex: scheduler, memory manager, I/O, etc.
Power Aware Middleware
POSIX
PA-OSL
Operating
System
Modified OS Services
Operating
System
PA-HAL
Hardware Abstraction Layer
Hardware
Rajesh Gupta UCI, Cal-(IT)2

13. What is a SensorNet? Sensors Sensor Platform
Physical, Chemical, Biological, Imaging,…
Sensor Platform
Computing, Power, Storage, Radios, …
Telecommunications Infrastructure
Wired, Wireless, Internet, …
Sensor Arrays
Homogeneous, Inhomogeneous, Ad Hoc, …
Layered Software
Backend Data Systems

14. Low Power Biological, Chemical, Pollutant, Magnetic, Particulate Sensor Development
Designed to Be Easily Manufactured
Can Be Chemically Modified to Be Specific
Compatible With Silicon Microfabrication Technologies
Special Properties:
Low False Alarm Rate, Sensitive
Miniature, Portable, Lower Cost
Target Markets:
Industrial Waste, Pollution Monitoring
Monitoring Public Spaces
Law Enforcement, First Responders, Medical Personnel
Handheld Nanosensor Device for Sarin Nerve Agent
Developed for DARPA
Micro Unattended Ground Sensors program
Mike Sailor, UCSD Chemistry, Cal-(IT)2

15. Automobiles will Become SensorNet Platforms
Campus Partnering for Implementation
UC Irvine’s Institution of Transportation Studies
UCSD Computer Vision and Robotics Research
Caltrans ATMS Testbed + Cal-(IT)2 = ZEVNET
50 Toyota Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV)
Add GPS Tracking, Wireless Communications
“Living Laboratory”
Source: Will Recker, UCI

16. Real-Time Monitoring of Bridges Through Wireless Internet SensorNets
Data-Loggers
Sensor
Local
Data Hub
Control
Center
PC104
Wireless
Internet
UCI
Users
UCSD
Caltrans
Workstation
Maria Feng
UCI Civil & Environmental Engineering

17. Millions of Video Cameras Will Add Image Data Streams to the Net
London Underground
Initially 25,000 Video Cameras
Expansion to 250,000 Possible
British Transport Police Switch to Any Camera in 1 Sec.
Source: Telindus
British CCTV System
Currently 2.5 Million CCTV Cameras Installed (NY Times)
Average London Citizen is Seen by 300 Cameras Per Day
Face Recognition Software Added in High Crime Areas
Up to 6 Million Surveillance Cameras Across the USA in 5-7 Years
Privacy International Prediction

18. Experimenting with the Future -- Wireless Internet Video Cams & Robots
Useful for
Quick Response
to Disasters
Linked by 1xEV
Cellular Internet
Mobile Interactivity Avatar
Computer Vision and Robotics Research Lab
Mohan Trivedi, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2

19. Integrate Remote Reconnaissance with Satellite Imagery and Ground SensorNets
HOTLINKs for Damage Locations using GPS and Digital Photos on GIS
Maria Feng
UCI Civil & Environmental Engineering

20. Data and Knowledge Systems Are the Heart of Crisis Management
Storage hardware
Database Systems, Grid Storage,
Filesystems
Data Mining, Simulation Modeling,
Analysis, Data Fusion
Web Portal
Customized to User Device
Knowledge-Based Integration
Advanced Query Processing
Networked Storage (SAN)
Visualization
High speed networking
Sensornets—Real-Time Data
ROADNet
ActiveCampus
Health of Civil Infrastructure
AUTONET

21. GIS Based Crisis Management Software Tools-- SAIC’s Consequences Assessment Tool Set (CATS)
Prediction of Disaster Evolution
Hurricane, Earthquake, Terror
Casualty Distribution Probabilities
Response Management
Source: SAIC

22. CATS California Governmental Users
Burbank Fire Department
Chino Valey Independent Fire District
City of Anaheim
City of Bakersfield Fire Department
Colton Police Department
Fremont Fire Department
Kern County Fire Dept
Idyllwild Fire Protection District
Kings County Fire Department
Livermore-Pleasanton Fire Department
Marin County Fire Department
Metro Water District of Southern CA
Red Bluff Police Department
Sacramento Reg. Fire/EMS Comm Center
San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Depart.
San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District
San Diego County of Environmental Health
San Diego County Health and Human Services
San Diego County Office of Disaster Preparedness
San Diego Fire and Life Safety Services
San Diego Police Department
Shasta County Sherrif
Yuba City Fire Department

23. Data Mining Across Agency Stovepipes Is an Essential Next Step
CRIMINAL
JUSTICE
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
PUBLIC
HEALTH
SECURITY
INTEGRATED INTELLIGENCE
SYSTEM
Local
State
Federal
INFORMATION
SOURCES
Cal-(IT)2 is Partnering With SAIC and Campuses
On Emergency Preparedness Plan

24. Source: Panoram Technologies
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Control Rooms Will Integrate SensorNets with Legacy Data
Integrate
Situational Awareness
Common Operational Picture
Local Data Warehouse with Remote Data Access
AI Data Mining of Distributed Databases
Spatial Data Analysis
Consequences Assessment Tool Set
Source: Panoram Technologies

25. Developing Optically Linked Distributed Analysis, Command, & Control Centers
Driven by Data-Intensive Applications
Real Time Seismic
Emergency Response
Medical Imaging
Linked UCSD and SDSU
Dedication March 4, 2002
Linking Control Rooms
Cox, Panoram,
SAIC, SGI, IBM,
TeraBurst Networks
SD Telecom Council

26. Next Step is to Create a SoCal Optical Experimental Network

27. Access Grid is Being Used in Over a Hundred Sites
Using the Internet to Link Multiple Sites into a Collaborative Interactive Visualization Space
Access Grid is Being Used
in Over a Hundred Sites
Access Grid Lead-Argonne
NSF STARTAP Lead-UIC’s Elec. Vis. Lab