1. 21st Century Internet-- Engineering an 'Always-On' World Invited Talk School of Engineering, UC Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA May 24, 2002 Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

2. 21st Century Internet-- Engineering an 'Always-On' World The 21st Century Internet is rapidly extending beyond the wired world of PCs into a pervasive information infrastructure, enabled via a combination of wireless local area networks, the third generation of cellular phones, satellites, and the increasing use of the FCC unlicensed wireless band. This universal access to the Net will change our personal lives as well as making possible a new generation of SensorNets to give us real-time feedback about our environment. College campuses are perhaps the best "early warning systems" for how human behavior will evolve as this "always-on" internet world develops. I will describe how Cal-(IT)2, one of four new California Institutes for Science and Innovation, is organizing its "future of the internet" research. We are working in an interdisciplinary fashion, with real world challenges in earthquakes, pollution monitoring, biomedicine and transportation congestion driving experiments in our "Laboratories for Living in the Future," built on campus and projected outward into the community. We are currently exploring opportunities for collaboration between Cal-(IT)2 and UC Santa Cruz, a participating campus in two other of the Institutes.

3. Californias Institutes for Science and Innovation UCSB UCLA California NanoSystems Institute UCSF UCB California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology, and Quantitative Biomedical Research UCI UCSD California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society UCSC UCD UCM www.ucop.edu/california-institutes

4. Cal-(IT) 2 -- An Integrated Approach to Research on the Future of the Internet www.calit2.net 220 UCSD & UCI Faculty Working in Multidisciplinary Teams With Students, Industry, and the Community Over Fifty Industrial Partners

5. Two New Cal-(IT) 2 Buildings Ground Breaking for UCSD Next Week! Will Create Unique Lab Facilities –Clean Rooms for Nanotech and BioMEMS –Computer Arts Virtual Reality –Wireless and Optical Networking –Interdisciplinary Teams Bioengineering UC San Diego UC Irvine Black Box Performance Space Based On UC Santa Cruz Extend to Living Laboratories

6. Soon The Internet Will Be Available Throughout the Physical World 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 1999200020012002200320042005 Mobile Internet Fixed Internet Subscribers (millions) Source: Ericsson

7. Broadband Wireless Internet is Here Today Wireless Internet Watering Holes –Ad Hoc IEEE 802.11 Domains –Real Broadband--11 mbps Going to 54 mbps –Security and Authentication can be Added Cellular Internet is Rolling Out –CDMA2000 –South Korea Fast Growth –San Diego, DC Trials This Summer –WCDMA –Japan NTT DoCoMo Launched Oct 2001 The future is already here, its just not evenly distributed William Gibson, Author of Neuromancer

8. Using Students to Invent the Future of Widespread Use of Wireless Pocket PCs Year- Long Living Laboratory Experiment 2001-02 –Computer Science & Engineering Undergraduates –500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Pocket PCs at UC San Diego –50 Compaq Pocket PCs at UC Irvine Currently Using Local Area Network Wireless Internet Experiments with Geo-location and Interactive Maps Cal-(IT) 2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabriele Wienhausen, UCSD; Rajesh Gupta, UCI UC San Diego UC Irvine

9. ActiveCampus – Outdoor Map Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

10. ActiveClass: Shy Students Can Ask Questions 1. Click in box 2. Type question 3. Click Submit 1. Click in box 2. Type question 3. Click Submit Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD Students Write Questions During Lecture

11. ActiveClass: Polling the Class During Lecture Students Questions Are Ranked Using Polls Question is posted Others can vote on it Question is posted Others can vote on it Used in CSE 12, Our 2 nd Programming Course 200 Students in Two Sections Continuing This Term Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

12. New Software Environments for Wireless Application Development Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW) –Works on Qualcomm CDMA Chipsets –Middleware Between –the Application and the Chip System Source Code –Windows-based Software Development Kit (SDK) –Native C/C++ applications will run most efficiently –Supports Integration of Java Applications –Different Model of Security from JAVA UCSD Brew Plans –Access to 40 Brew Enabled Kyocera Handsets –Free Air-Time Through Campus Wide QOTA System –BREW SDK and Technical Support Environment www.qualcomm.com/brew/

13. Commercialization of Advanced Technology for Home Land Security Project, May 2002 Source: Mohan Trivedi, UC San Diego Digital Tele-Viewer: Extension 1 DTV on PDA: High Portability Interactive Video into a Handheld PDA –802.11 network access –C++/Java based –Pocket PC or Palm Pilot

14. Wireless Internet is Moving Throughout The Physical World First US Taste of 3G Cellular Internet –UCSD Jacobs School Antenna –First Beta Test Site Linking to 802.11 Mobile Bubble –Tested on CyberShuttle –Joint Project with Campus –From Railway to Campus at 65 mph! Rooftop Qualcomm 1xEV Access Point www.calit2.net/news/2002/4-2-bbus.html

15. Extending the Wireless Classroom With a Briefcase…

16. Experimenting with the Future -- Wireless Internet Video Cams & Robots Computer Vision and Robotics Research Lab Mohan Trivedi, UCSD, Cal-(IT) 2 Mobile Interactivity Avatar Linked by 1xEV Cellular Internet Useful for Highway Accidents or Disasters

17. Using the FCC Unlicensed Band to Create a High Speed Wireless Backbone The High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network A Cal-(IT) 2 Academic Partner Enabling a Broad Set of Science Applications and Crisis Management Allows for SensorNet Deployment to Remote Locations http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/topo.html NSF Funded PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO 45mbps Duplex Backbone

18. Required Wireless Services Middleware Real-Time Services Mobile Code Location Awareness Power Control Security Wireless Services Interface UCI Wireless Infrastructures UCSD Wireless Infrastructures Applications J. Pasquale, UCSD, Cal-(IT) 2 Data Management

19. Future Wireless Technologies Are a Strong Engineering Research Discipline Two Dozen ECE and CSE Faculty LOW-POWERED CIRCUITRY ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION COMMUNICATION THEORY COMMUNICATION NETWORKS MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS RF Mixed A/D ASIC Materials Smart Antennas Adaptive Arrays Modulation Channel Coding Multiple Access Compression Architecture Media Access Scheduling End-to-End QoS Hand-Off Changing Environment Protocols Multi-Resolution Center for Wireless Communications Source: UCSD CWC

20. Experimental Chip Design with Industrial Partner Support Source: Ian Galton, UCSD ECE, CWC A Multiple Crystal Interface Phase Lock Loop (PLL) for a Bluetooth Transceiver with Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) Realignment to Reduce Noise

21. Exploring the Future of SensorNets www.soe.ucsd.edu/Research_Review/ February 20-21, 2002 Sponsored by Cal-(IT) 2 and UCSD

22. Can Use of These Technologies Help Us Avoid the Downsides of Prolonged Growth? Add Wireless Sensor Array Build GIS Data Focus on: –Disasters –Bridges –Pollution –Water Cycle –Traffic –Earthquakes –Policy Work with the Community to Adapt to Growth Huntington Beach Mission Bay San Diego Bay UCSD UCI High Tech Coast

23. The SDSU Field Station Program Provides Critical Living Laboratories Global Warming Impact Land & Resource Management Habitat Fragmentation Water Quality and Quantity Biodiversity Loss Disruption of Fire Regimes Invasion of Exotic Species

24. Environmental SensorNets Air and Water Pollution Sensor Development –Lead is Michael Sailor, UCSD Chemistry –Initially Temperature, Humidity, CO –Later Add CO 2, Ozone, NO x Wireless Internet Prototyping Sites –UCSD Campus –SDSUs Santa Margarita –Ecological Reserve –Rapid Prototyping Site –Linked to UCSD via HPWREN

25. Link in ROADnetBringing SensorNets to the Dirt Roads and the High Seas High Bandwidth Wireless Internet –Linking Sensors for: –Seismology –Oceanography –Climate –Hydrology –Ecology –Geodesy –Real-Time Data Management Joint Collaboration Between: –SIO / IGPP –UCSD –SDSC / HPWREN –SDSU –Cal-(IT) 2 http://roadnet.ucsd.edu/ Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve R/V Revelle in Lyttleton, NZ

26. Shrinking Flying Wireless Sensor Platforms: From Predator to Biomimetic Robots General Atomics Predator (Air Force, CIA) 300 Inches UC Berkeley Aerobot (ARO, DARPA, ONR) 20 Inches UC Berkeley Micromechanical Flying Insect Project 1 Inch (DARPA, ONR)

27. Operating System Services for Power / Performance Management Management of Power and Performance –Efficient Way to Exchange Energy/Power Related Info –Among Hardware / OS / Applications –Power-Aware API Application Power Aware API Power Aware Middleware POSIXPA-OSL Operating System Operating System Modified OS Services Hardware Abstraction Layer PA-HAL Hardware Rajesh Gupta UCI, Cal-(IT) 2

28. Adding Wireless Sensors to Systems-on-Chip Will Create Brilliant Sensors Applications Memory Protocol Processors DSP Embedded Software Sensors Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE Radio Critical New Role of Power Aware Systems Internet Ad Hoc Hierarchical Networks of Brilliant Sensors

29. Over the Next Decade Nanobioinfoengineering Will Revolutionize SensorNets 5 nanometers Human Rhinovirus IBM Quantum Corral Iron Atoms on Copper VCSELaser 2 mm Nanogen MicroArray 500x Magnification 400x Magnification

30. As Our Bodies Move On-Line Digital Medicine Will Emerge Internal SensorsIsraeli Video Pill –Battery, Light, & Video Camera –Images Stored on Hip Device Next StepPutting You On-Line! –Wireless Internet Transmission –Key Metabolic and Physical Sensors Genomic Individualized Medicine –Combine –Genetic Code –Body Sensor Data Flows –Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques www.givenimaging.com www.bodymedia.com www.philometron.com

31. SensornetsReal-Time Data ROADNet ActiveCampus Health of Civil Infrastructure AUTONET Storage hardware Database Systems, Grid Storage, Filesystems Data Mining, Simulation Modeling, Analysis, Data Fusion Web Portal Customized to User Device Knowledge-Based Integration Advanced Query Processing Networked Storage (SAN) Visualization High speed networking Data and Knowledge Systems Are the Heart of SensorNets Source: Chaitan Baru, SDSC The SDSC/Cal-(IT) 2 Knowledge and Data Engineering Laboratory

32. Knowledge and Data Engineering Lab Enabling querying, analysis, and creative exploration of large, integrated data sets Knowledge Environments to Support Digitally Enabled Genomic Medicine Bioimaging Bioengineering Proteomics Genomics Chemical Pathways Medical Records Integrated Information Analysis Statistics Knowledge Discovery wireless access School of Medicine / VA Hospital Bioengineering Department

33. NIH is Funding a National-Scale Grid for Biomedical Imaging National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure Part of the UCSD CRBS Center for Research on Biological Structure Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN) NIH Plans to Expand to Other Organs and Many Laboratories

34. Cal-(IT) 2 Multi-Megapixel Displays for Seismic, Geosciences, and Climate Analysis Cal-(IT) 2 / SIO / SDSC / SDSU

35. Rollout Over 14 Years Starting With Existing Broadband Stations

36. Developing Optically Linked Distributed Visualization and Analysis Centers Driven by SensorNets Data –Emergency Response –Real Time Seismic –Environmental Monitoring Linked UCSD and SDSU –Dedication March 4, 2002 Linking Control Rooms Cox, Panoram, SAIC, SGI, IBM, TeraBurst Networks SD Telecom Council UCSD SDSU 44 Miles of Cox Fiber

37. Broadband Networking Enables New Cyber Arts UCSD/UCI Computer Gaming Initiative Computing As Social Space High Resolution Graphics and Audio Humans Interacting with Virtual Realities UC San Diego UC Irvine Internet Linked Pianos