2. Exile and Return Main Idea
The Jews continued their religion during exile in Babylon.

3. Synagogues formed to give the people hope.
Jews met on Sabbath.
Babylonian
Exile
The Jews were
forced to live in
a foreign land.
Jews prayed
and discussed
their religion

4. Jews rebuilt Jerusalem and the temple.
under Cyrus let the Jews go back to Judah in 538 B.C.
The Persians defeated the Chaldeans and
Leaders became
Temple priests
& scribes
Cyrus appointed officials
To rule the country and
Collect taxes from the
People.

5. Cyrus the Great
A tolerant ruler  he let cultures within his empire to keep their own institutions.
The Jews called him “the anointed of the Lord.”
(In 537, he allowed over 40,000 to return to Palestine).
580 – 529 B. C.

6. The Persian Empire

7. The Torah
Under scribe Ezra, the five books to the Torah were written on parchment pieces sewn together to make long scrolls.
Hebrew Bible has the 5 books of the Torah and 34 other books of Jewish history.
Stories like Noah and the arc, tower of Babel to explain many languages

8. Jerusalem: Studying the Torah

9. The Torah Jews look to the future
Parts contain prophecies for peaceful future.
Ex. Daniel
Daniel lived in Babylon and advised king. When he would not worship Babylonian gods, he was thrown into Lion’s Den
Jew’s always reminded of God’s protection and plan.

10. Isaiah Scroll

11. Main Idea
Jews spread their beliefs to the Greek world and regained control of Judah.
Jews and the Greeks

12. 331 B.C.: 334 B.C.: Alexander Alex the Great defeated
Began conquest of
Known world.
331 B.C.:
Alexander
defeated
Persians and
gained
Control of Judah.
Alex let them stay
there but
forced Greek culture
and beliefs
on them.

13. Meaning Greek for “scattered” Who Jews outside of Judah Where
DIASPORA
Meaning
Greek for “scattered”
Who
Jews outside of Judah
Where
Many parts of the world
What
Jews learned Greek but stayed loyal to Judaism (copied Hebrew Bible to Greek)

14. The Jewish Diaspora

15. Hanukkah

16. “FESTIVAL OF LIGHTS”
CELEBRATE IN DECEMBER
Hanukkah
Each year, Jews recall the cleansing of temple when they celebrate Hanukkah.
Priests from Maccabeus’s family ruled Judah and took over land that had been part of the Kingdom of Israel.

18. Jewish Way of Life Religion shaped the Jewish way of life.
Main Idea
Jewish Way of Life Religion shaped the Jewish way of life.

19. Jewish laws became important when they no longer had their own land and king.

20. Only beef and lamb – NO PORK!! KASHRUT – laws about food
Family Life
Jewish Diet
Jewish
Clothing
Sons carried name
Fathers taught sons how to work and worship
Elders taught Torah
Mothers taught girls to be good wives and mothers
Girls learned diet laws and about courageous women
Only certain animals
Only beef and lamb – NO PORK!!
KASHRUT – laws about food
Jews only eat kosher.*****
No dairy with meat
Law forbade mixing fabrics
Men wore tunics of linen and cloaks
Caps (yarmulkes) and sandals
Women wore simple dresses and covered head

21. Main Idea
Jews and the Romans Under Roman rule, Jews were divided and rebellious. Romans destroyed the temple and exiled the Jews.

22. Romans: At first Allowed Jewish Rulers to run Judaea Conquered Judahin
63 B.C.
Renamed
The area
Judaea
At first
Allowed Jewish
Rulers to run
Judaea

23. Herod the Great’s Kingdom
BEST KNOWN FOR:
Cruelty and changes to temple.
King of Judaea when Jesus was born.

24. Herod the Great’s Kingdom
AFTER HEROD’S DEATH:
Romans replaced Jewish king with a Roman governer.
Jewish factions formed splitting up power.

25. Pharisees Sadducees Jewish factions Essenes
* taught Torah and how
To apply to daily life
* in synagogues
* supported by
Common people
Sadducees
Believed Torah
Applies to priests
in temple
Most were priests
And scribes
Jewish
factions
Essenes
Broke from temple
To live in desert
Praying and waiting
For God’s deliverance

26. Dead Sea Scrolls Museum in Israel
Dead Sea Scrolls were found in 1947
Were probably written by Essenes

27. The Essene Community at Qumran

28. The Essene Ruins at Qumran

29. The Essene Community at Qumran

30. The Jewish Revolts (66-70 A.D.)

31. Zealots – Jews that wanted to fight Romans for their freedom.
Words to Know!
Messiah – a deliverer sent by God
Zealots – Jews that wanted to fight Romans for their freedom.

32. JEWISH REVOLTS A.D. 132 another revolt Put down Romans killed Jews and
Zealots drove
Romans out
But were
Conquered
Again 4 years
Later.
Romans killed
Jews and
Destroyed
Temple.
Romans drove
Jews from
Jerusalem and
Renamed Judah
Palestine.

33. Masada: Never Again!
Roman Encampment

34. Jews then had rabbis to be teachers of the Torah.
Johanan ben Zakkai – a famous rabbi
1. After A.D. 70, he made sure study of the Torah continue.
2. Founded school in Palestine that became center of Torah studies for centuries.

35. Rabbis combined teachings about Torah and the Torah into book called Talmud
2000 years – most Jews lived outside Palestine.
1948 – nation of Israel created.