1. Textual Criticism Part I Beginnings Tasks Terms Manuscripts Criteria New Finds © Peter Arzt-Grabner 2006

2. Textual Criticism – Beginnings n Erasmus of Rotterdam, March 1, 1516 Novum Instrumentum omne (own translation of Rev. 22:16–21 into Greek) n Complutensian Polyglot, July 10, 1517 (March 22, 1520 papal authorization) Cardinal and archbishop of Toledo, Ximénes University of Alcalá (= Roman Complutum)

3. Textual Criticism – Tasks n Collecting manuscripts n Developing methods n Conjectures n Nowadays: conjectures amount to capitulation before the difficulties and are themselves violations of the text.

4. Terms n Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, Targums, Christian Bible (Old Testament – New Testament) n Hebrew, Greek n Translations n Manuscripts n Book (Printing) n Computer

5. Manuscripts n Papyri: 52 about 125 CE John 18:31–33.37–38 John Rylands Library, Manchester (Gr. P 457)

6. Manuscripts Uncials: a 01, A 02, … n Minuscules: 1, 2, … n Translations: Greek (LXX), Latin (Vulgate), Syriac (Peshitta), Ethiopic, Coptic, Old Slavonic, Gothic … n (Church Fathers) n Papyri: P

7. Textual Criticism Today n Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster: http://www.uni-muenster.de/INTF/http://www.uni-muenster.de/INTF/ n Nestle-Aland, 27th edition n Greek New Testament, 4th edition n Editio critica maior n Forthcoming: Nestle-Aland, 28th edition n Digital Nestle-Aland: prototype http://nestlealand.uni-muenster.de/ http://nestlealand.uni-muenster.de/

8. Textual Criticism – Selected Criteria n Greek (Hebrew) Text – Translations – Church Fathers n Manuscripts should be weighed, not counted n Older reading is more probable reading n lectio difficilior lectio potior n lectio brevior lectio potior

9. New Finds – Qumran n Old Testament: Isaiah (Scroll), Commentary on Habakkuk

10. New Finds – Qumran n Old Testament: Isaiah (Scroll), Commentary on Habakkuk n New Testament – Sorry, no! n 7Q5

11. New Finds – Qumran: 7Q5 n 11 (?) letters n Jose O’Callaghan Carsten Peter Thiede Mark 6:52–53

12. New Finds – Qumran: 7Q5 n Stefan Enste n Some sensations can actually fail to just one letter

13. New Finds – P.Oxy. LXVI 4499 n Published 1999 n Juan Chapa n Oldest fragments of a codex with Revelation (late 3rd/early 4th cent.) (2:1–3.13–15.27–29; 3:10–12; 5:8–9; 6:5–6; 8:3–8.11–9:5.7–16. 18–10:4.8–11:5.8–15.18–12:5. 8–10.12–17; 13:1–3.6–16.18–14:3. 5–7.10–11.14–15.18–15:1.4–7)

14. New Finds – P.Oxy. LXVI 4499

15. New Finds – P.Bingen 16 n Published 2000 n Peter Arzt-Grabner and Michael Ernst n Ps. 43:21–24.27 and Ps. 44:1–2 LXX n 4th/5th cent.