1. Middle Passage US I River Dell Regional High School

2. Estimated Slave Imports by Destination, 1451–1870

3. The Atlantic and Islamic Slave Trades Map 2–1. The Atlantic and Islamic Slave Trades. Not until 1600 did the Atlantic slave trade reach the proportions of the Islamic slave trade. This map shows the principal sources of slaves, primary routes, and major destinations.

4. Atlantic Slave Trade * Harsher in the Americas Most were males Believed they were stronger laborers than females West African women did farm work Chattel - Lost rights as human beings

5. Slave Colonies of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

6. * Crowded, unsanitary conditions * Slaves rode on planks 66” x 15” only 20”– 25” of headroom * Males chained together in pairs * Kept apart from women and children * High mortality rates ~One-third perish between capture and embarkation

7. British Slave Ship

8. Provisions for the Middle Passage 0 Slaves fed twice per day 0 Poor and insufficient diet 0 Vegetable pulps, stews, and fruits 0 Denied meat or fish 0 Ten people eating from one bucket 0 Unwashed hands spread disease 0 Malnutrition, weakness, depression, death

9. Resistance & Revolts on Slave Ships 0 Uprisings were common 0 Most rebellions before sailing 0 Some preferred death to bondage 0 Justification for harsh treatment by slavers

10. Sanitation, Disease, and Death Astronomically high before 1750 * Poor sanitation No germ theory prior to early 20th century Malaria, yellow fever, smallpox, dysentery After 1750 * Faster ships * Hygiene and diet better understood * Early forms of smallpox vaccinations

11. Landing and Sale Pre-sale Bathed and exercised Oiled bodies to conceal blemishes and bruises

12. 19 th c. Engraving- Inspections