1. The Beginnings of Industrialization
Chapter 25
Section 1

2. Key Terms Industrial Revolution Enclosure Factors of production
Crop Rotation
Industrialization
Factory
Entrepreneur

3. A Revolution in Great Britain
Humans and animals were main energy source
People began to develop water and steam power
Industrial Revolution-the era when the use of power driven machines was developed

4. Factors for Success
Exploration and colonization-provided raw materials such as cotton and fiber
Colonies became new markets
Sea power brings in raw material and send out manufactured goods because of strong navy

5. Factors of Success
Political stability-1700’s at home the country was a peace, commerce thrived
Government support-Parliament passed laws that favored business
Growth of private investment-private funding for research and development

6. Agricultural Factors Most of research took place on farms
Jethro Tull-1701 invented the seed drill
made planting grain more efficient
Potatoes were developed
Crop rotation-plant different crops each year
Better than three field system

7. Agricultural Factors Livestock breeding improves
Robert Blackwell only allowed his best sheep to breed
Average sheep’s weight increases from 18 to 50lbs
Food supply and living conditions improve
Increased demand for goods

8. Agricultural Factors Increased food supply Population grew
Wealthy landowners combined fields to create large farms
Enclosure development-the fencing in of large farms
Threw countless farmers of their fields
Moved to the city for jobs

9. Britain’s Big Advantage
Factors of productions-land, labor and capitol
Land- means all of place’s natural resources
Coal to burn as fuel
Iron to make steel
Water was the most important
Streams and rivers turned waterwheels and generated power

10. Britain’s Big Advantage
Waterways provided transportation between mines, factories and markets
Mid 1700’s had 1000 miles of canals
Grew to 4,000 by 1800
Deep water ports for long distance shipping

11. Britain’s Big Advantage
Labor- had a growing population
Thousands lost their farmland
Entire families would go to work in an industry
Capitol-funds investment for business
People with money to spend
People with skills
inventors

12. A Revolution in Textiles
Began with textile industry
Cottage industry- a craft occupation performed at home
Industrialization-the process of changing to power driven machinery

13. A New Way to Make Cloth Most fabric made of wool or cotton
Wool increased because of enclosure movement
Shipments of cotton came from the colonies
Slave labor made cotton farming more profitable
Great Britain bought more American cotton

14. A New Way of Making Cloth
Pulling seed from cotton by hand was time consuming
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin (machine)
Fiber was then spun into yarn
James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny

15. A New Way of Making Cloth
James Arkwright- made a machine that spun stronger, thinner thread
Thread woven into fabric
Use to be done a t home
Power Loom-larger faster weaving system

16. Cloth-making in Factories
New weavers too big for the home
Factory- a building that houses industrial machines
Needed supplies of power
Arkwright built the water frame spinning system
Went from 50,000 bolts of cloth to 400,000 in thirty years

17. Steam Powers the Revolution
1712 first steam engine
of James Watts machines
Put to use in textile industry
Factories did not have to be built near water
Located where there was fuel and workers
Entrepreneur-a person who organizes, manages and takes on the risk of a business

18. Steam Powers the Revolution
Steam used for transportation
Richard Trevithick- used steam power for a locomotive
Robert Fulton used it for a steamship
1807 Clermont operated on the Hudson River
Steamships replace sailing ships

19. The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad
Connect port of Liverpool to city of Manchester
Track laid in 1829
Stephenson’s locomotive engine called the Rocket
Hauled 13 tons at 24 mph
Opened in 1830
Railroad created thousands of jobs

20. Coal for British Steam Engines
Steam engines require a lot of fuel
Wood was scarce
Had a large supply of coal
Coal mining grew as steam power grew
1800 Great Britain produced 80% of Europe's coal