1. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia1 SOME ASPECTS OF SOCIAL COHESION IN LATVIA The problems of ethnic minorities – a myth or reality? Jolanta Supe Deputy Head, Statistical Methodology and Organisation Division Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia tel: +371 73 666 29 e-mail: Jolanta.Supe@csb.gov.lv

2. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia2 STRUCTURE OF THE PRESENTATION Introduction Ethnic composition Education Employment Mass media Conclusions

3. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia - introduction3 WHERE WE ARE … ESTONIA LITHUANIA BELORUSSIA RUSSIA POLAND LATVIA MINNEAPOLIS

4. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia4 … HOW WE LOOK LIKE … RIGARIGA

5. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia5 … IN COMPARISON … AREA (thsd km 2 ) POPULATION 2000 (mln) M = 4.9 M = 225.2 Latvia L = 64.4 L = 2.3

6. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia6 ETHNIC COMPOSITION dynamics

7. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia7 ETHNIC COMPOSITION 1 January 2004

8. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia8 CITIZENSHIP – by nationality

9. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia9 CITIZENSHIP - structure Others: Poles, Belarussians, Lithuanians, Ukrainians etc. Others: Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians etc.

10. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia10 EDUCATION – establishments by language of instruction, 2002/03

11. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia11 EDUCATION – enrollment by language of instruction, 2002/03

12. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia12 EDUCATION – different dimensions Higher education institution enrolment by language of instruction 2002/03 Preschool establishment enrolment by language of instruction on September 1, 2002

13. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia13 EDUCATION – the reform … starting on 1 September 2004 the language of instruction beginning with the 10 th grade or 1 st year at central and local government general/vocational secondary education institutions that provide study programs for ethnic minorities will be the official state language for not less than three fifths of the total taught time per school year including foreign languages. Nevertheless the study programs relating to the language of ethnic minority, its identity and culture will be conducted in the language of this minority …

14. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia14 EMPLOYMENT by occupation and nationality

15. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia15 EMPLOYMENT by kinds of activity (NACE Rev. 1.1)

16. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia16 MASS MEDIA - TV Length of TV programs (1996 = 100) Structure of TV programs by language

17. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia17 MASS MEDIA - RADIO Length of radio programs (1996 = 100) Structure of radio programs by language

18. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia18 MASS MEDIA - PRESS Analyses of 6 major newspapers (3 Latvian + 3 Russian) Articles about ­ Bilingual education ­ Minorities’ languages ­ Politics towards minorities ­ Civic involvement VOLUME of articles NUMBER of articles

19. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia19 MASS MEDIA – PRESS Placement of articles

20. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia20 MASS MEDIA – PRESS Number of articles on specified topics

21. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia21 CONCLUSIONS - education Reform regulates only state schools 77% minorities’ schools are ready Enrollment ~ ethnic composition

22. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia22 CONCLUSIONS – employment (%) A+B … Agriculture, hunting, forestry & fishing L … Public administration and defence & compulsory social security 2.1 2.9 1.5 1.7 Industry & energetics …C+D+E Transport, storage & communications … I

23. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia23 CONCLUSIONS – mass media TV ­ hard restrictions to 2 public TV canals ­ but new programs for ethnic minorities Radio ­ restrictions to organisations not canals ­ broadcasting in Russian and other languages has significantly increased Press - no obstacles

24. Minneapolis, May 2004Ethnic minorities in Latvia24 !!! Many different aspects to look at In general, all seems OK !!!

25. Thank you for attention! Any questions?