1. The National Policy 1873-1900’s
Canadian Heartland and Hinterland
Effects of Industrialization

2. The National Policy
The National Policy was a means to produce growth in the Canadian economy using protective tariffs on American imports
3 Initiatives:
Protective tariffs against foreign goods
A transcontinental railway
Greater immigration to the West

3. The National Policy - Effects
The National policy’s most immediate result was the creation of the Canadian Pacific Railway
Creation of an industrial Heartland in Central Canada (Ontario and Quebec) that has existed for over 100 years
Canada was no longer Europe’s Hinterland

4. Canadian Heartland and Hinterland
The National policy created a Canadian Heartland, but also a Canadian Hinterland
The Maritimes and the West became that Hinterland

5. Canadian Heartland and Hinterland
The Maritimes
At the time (1878), Nova Scotia was expecting a great economic boom as the result of the National policy and it’s ice free harbour
The Maritimes experienced prosperity, but it did not last
Many companies based in the Heartland cared only for profit - not the economic well being of the Maritimes

6. Canadian Heartland and Hinterland - Effects
The West
Immigration in the West did not increase as expected, but eventually picked up
The West took advantage of both the railway and federal subsidies for the wheat industry
Conflicts with the Aboriginal and Métis communities over Treaty rights caused great difficulty for all involved

7. Effects of Industrialization
Working Conditions
Work conditions were harsh
Long days
Failure to meet demands resulted in lost wages and even corporal punishment
Lack of health and safety standards resulted in many injuries and spread of disease
Many workers were often exposed to harmful chemicals and dangerous working conditions

8. Effects of Industrialization
Standard Of Living
The standard of living at this time would cross between second and first world
Many poor families
High infant mortality rates
Poor access to health care for most
Lack of electricity, refrigeration and clean water

9. Effects of Industrialization
Social Response
Many of those in the middle-class took initiatives to help the poor
This resulted in new hospitals, better health care, public sanitation, and useful legislation to promote the rights of workers

10. Effects of Industrialization
Response of Workers
Workers in new industrial factories generally responded in one of two ways:
Development of trade unions to fight for profit sharing, benefits, and better wages through strike action.
More radical approach was to join together to restructure capitalism.

11. Case Study 11
Please read chapter 9 on Canada’s National Policy of 1878 and record vocabulary words.
What is the National Policy? Why was it created? (fully explain)
How did the National Policy create a Canadian Heartland and Hinterland effect? Explain.
In an organizational chart show the effects of industrialization in Canadian society (see sample).

12. #4 sample chart Working conditions Standard of Living
Middle class Response
Response of working Class