1. THE RISE OF THE URBAN SOCIETY Urbanization Immigration Segregation Reform Thought

2. FOUR THEMES OF GILDED AGE 1) Industrialization (chapter 18) 2) Urbanization 3) Immigration 4) Modernization (Progress & Order)

3. Urbanization Inventions: Light bulb, electricity, camera, Inventions: Light bulb, electricity, camera, –Phonograph, streetcar, typewriter, cash reg, –220,000 patents in 1890s, telephone, movies Consumerism: Dept store, chain store, Consumerism: Dept store, chain store, –Mail order. More time & money. City Growth: 1920 more than ½ pop city, City Growth: 1920 more than ½ pop city, –Skyscrapers, streetcar, suburbs Tenements: crowded apartments Tenements: crowded apartments Sanitation: manure, sewage, pollution, Sanitation: manure, sewage, pollution, –Bad water, no building codes, no planning.

4. Kodak and Edison

5. Boston 1890

6. Immigration 1877-1890: West & North Europeans 1877-1890: West & North Europeans 1890-1910: South & East Europeans 1890-1910: South & East Europeans More Catholics and Jews More Catholics and Jews 1877-1890: 6.3 million immigrants 1877-1890: 6.3 million immigrants 4/5 of Chicago & NY foreign born 4/5 of Chicago & NY foreign born Immigrant household Immigrant household Ethnic organizations Ethnic organizations Ethnic tension Ethnic tension

7. New York Tenement

8. German immigrants in S. Dakota

9. URBAN POLITICAL MACHINES The spoil system The spoil system The City Boss The City Boss NY: Boss Tweed, Tammany Hall NY: Boss Tweed, Tammany Hall Corruption, but some benefits for poor Corruption, but some benefits for poor (City leaders: urban improvement) (City leaders: urban improvement)

10. Boss Tweed: Tammany Hall

11. SOCIAL CHANGES Work Culture: white collar, efficiency Work Culture: white collar, efficiency Leisure: fairs, dance halls, vaudeville, Leisure: fairs, dance halls, vaudeville, –Bicycles, baseball, college football, boxing Family: separate spheres, men work, Family: separate spheres, men work, –suburbs, childhood extended, Women: Lady’s Home Journal, 12% work, Women: Lady’s Home Journal, 12% work, –Nurture virtue, supervise children, more rights Education: mandatory school, literacy up, Education: mandatory school, literacy up, –Less religious, more job preparation College:150, woman’s 40%, professional College:150, woman’s 40%, professional

12. African American Struggle Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): 14 th Amend, Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): 14 th Amend, –“Separate but equal” Booker T. Washington: Tuskegee Inst., Booker T. Washington: Tuskegee Inst., –Up From Slavery, work hard, learn a trade, own property, Atlantic Compromise W.E.B. Du Bois: Ph.D in sociology, The W.E.B. Du Bois: Ph.D in sociology, The –Souls of Black Folk, attacks Washington’s –Compromising philosophy, he says –Fight for legal rights now, go to college

13. Booker T. Washington

14. W. E. B. Du Bois

15. REFORM THOUGHT Social Gospel: church must play active Social Gospel: church must play active –Role in helping poor, “what w/Jesus do?” (Mugwumps): public virtue, free markets (Mugwumps): public virtue, free markets W.G. Sumner: Social Darwinism, laissez W.G. Sumner: Social Darwinism, laissez –Fair enforces Protestant virtues Henry George: “single tax” on property Henry George: “single tax” on property Edward Bellamy: Looking Backward, Edward Bellamy: Looking Backward, –Material inequality root of all evil Settlement Houses: Jane Addams, Hull Settlement Houses: Jane Addams, Hull –House, helped inner city, social science

16. Jane Addams: Hull House