1. English II Unit 3 2012.2013

2. Union (the North) Victory in 1865 gave 4 million slaves freedom

3. A time for rebuilding after the Civil War 13 th Amendment – freed slaves 14 th Amendment – citizenship 15 th Amendment – right to vote Civil Rights Act, 1875 – equal rights

4. Early KKK founded by veterans of the Confederate Army Purpose – to resist Reconstruction Used violent methods President Ulysses S. Grant destroyed KKK with the Civil Rights Act of 1875

5. 1915 – William Joseph Simmons founded 2 nd KKK They preached racism, anti-Catholicism, nativism, and anti-Semitism. They took part in lynchings and other violent crimes.

6. Challenges came when legislatures in the south passed restrictive “black codes” to control the labor and behavior of former slaves When Reconstruction ended, their rights began to dwindle.

7. Louisiana passed a law requiring blacks to ride in separate rail cars. Homer Plessy, a Louisiana carpenter and 7/8 caucasian, was arrested after sitting in a car for whites. Judge ruled against Plessy. Supreme Court upheld the ruling (1896) and led the way for racial segregation.

8. Southern states passed laws that restricted African American’s access to schools, restaurants, hospitals, and public places.

9. Ruled that separate schools were valid even if comparable schools for blacks were not available

10. Signs were posted at entrances and exits, water fountains, waiting rooms, and restrooms.

11. Law passed requiring separate public parks

12. Created 10:00P.M. curfew for blacks

13. Blacks and whites were restricted from working together in the same room of textile factories

15. October 1929 – The stock market crashed causing $30 billion in stock values to “disappear” March 1930 – Over 32 million people unemployed February 1931 – Food riots break out in parts of U.S. December 1931 – New York’s Bank of the U.S. collapses April 1932 – Over 750,000 New Yorkers on city relief, 160,000 on the waiting list November 1932 – Franklin D. Roosevelt is elected president April 1933 – Civilian Conservation Corp. (CCC), a work program for men 17 – 27 is established

16. Lasted 1930 – 1939 9,000 banks went out of business 9 million savings accounts – wiped out 86,000 businesses failed Wages decreased by an average of 60% Unemployment rate went from 9% to 25% Whites called for blacks to be fired from any jobs as long as there were whites out of work. Racial violence becomes more common. Birth rate fell Families fell apart Wives and children forced to help families survive Women found their status enhanced by their new roles. Minorities – “last hired and first fired”

17. Published in 1960 Called a classic American masterpiece The novel won Pulitzer Prize in 1961 Adapted into an Oscar winning film in 1962 Set in the 1930’s Deep South Fictional setting: Maycomb County, Alabama Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama (possible setting)

18. November 2007 - Lee was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush. In his remarks, Bush stated, "One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which comes through on every page... To Kill a Mockingbird has influenced the character of our country for the better. It's been a gift to the entire world. As a model of good writing and humane sensibility, this book will be read and studied forever."