1. Standard V- Biosphere Organization
Biology AHSGE
Standard V- Biosphere Organization

2. Standard V- Biosphere Organization
CONTENT STANDARD 5. Identify cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems as levels of organization in the biosphere.
ELIGIBLE CONTENT
A. Identify the levels of organization in the biosphere including cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems, as well as organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems.

3. Biosphere
Biosphere- Very thin zone around the earth containing living organisms
Made of numerous ecosystems/biomes
Ecosystem- Areas within the biosphere characterized by specific living and nonliving factors; generally plant-life and precipitation
Biotic- Living factors
Plants/animals, decomposing matter
Abiotic- Nonliving factor
Rocks, soil, water, air

4. Biosphere
Community- All of the organisms residing in an area together; divisions of an ecosystem
Possums, armadillos, mushrooms, skunks, snakes, trees, moss
More than one species
Biodiversity/Diversity- Having many different species, large food webs, in an ecosystem
Competition- When one or species compete for the same resource
Each species is negatively affected until one is outcompeted (competitive exclusion)
Direct competition- Organisms come in direct contact with each other
Ex: Lions and hyenas
Indirect competition- Organisms avoid direct interaction with each other
Ex: Hawks and owls

5. Symbiosis- Relationships between members of a community in which at least one species benefits
Commensalism- One species benefits off of another without affecting it in the process
Mutualism- Both species benefit from one another
Parasitism- One species benefits off of another, harming it in the process without killing it
Predation- One species benefits off of another, killing it in the process
(+; 0) EX: Moss growing in a tree
(+; +) EX: Cows and cowbirds; lichens
(+; -) EX: Fleas and dogs
(+; -) EX: Lion eats a zebra

6. Ecological Balance
Dynamic equilibrium of populations that live in symbiotic relationships together
Dynamic- Always changing
Equilibrium- Balanced
For predator/prey or herbivore/producer relationships

7. Populations
Population- Groups of all the members of a given species in an area that are capable of interbreeding
One species
Population of squirrels in a tree
Habitat- Area where a particular species prefers to live which contains its most used resources (food, water and shelter)
Example: squirrels and open forest; rabbits and dense forest
Niche- Useful purpose of an organism in a community
Example: Wolves control populations of rabbits; rabbits provide food for predators or control population of clover

8. Organisms Individual members of a population Any living thing
Seven characteristics of life:
Cellular structure and function- At least one cell performing life functions
Reproduction- Process of making more of their kind from one generation to the next.
Metabolism- Sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
Homeostasis- Maintaining a stable internal environment
Heredity- Passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
Responsiveness- Ability to react to a stimulus
Growth and Development- Ability to grow and change throughout a life cycle

9. Structure of Organisms
Organ System- A group of organs working together to perform body functions
Parts of an organism
Examples: Circulatory, digestive, endocrine, excretory, immune, integumentary, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory and skeletal)
Organ- A collection of tissues that carry out certain processes in an organism
Parts of an organ system
Examples: Heart, eyes, liver, brain or roots, stems, and leaves

10. Structure of Organisms
Tissues- A group of cells that perform a certain function
Parts of an organ
Examples: Epithelial, nervous, connective (tendons, fat, cartilage, bone or blood), or muscle tissue (skeletal, smooth, and cardiac)
Cells- Building blocks of life which can act alone or together
Group together in tissues
Organelles- Parts of a cell, each has its own function

11. Biosphere Organization