1. Wednesday January 7 th

2. TOPIC: SHOULD HIGH SCHOOL START AN HOUR LATER? ANSWER THE QUESTION AND DEVELOP 3 REASONS TO SUPPORT YOUR ARGUMENT. Bell Ringer

3. What is an Argumentative Essay? The purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to accept—or seriously consider--your opinion on a controversial issue Has three parts: Claim, Counter Claim, Rebuttal (plus Introduction and Conclusion)

4. Consider your Audience Whom are you trying to reach? What do they already know about your topic? What is your relationship with your audience and how does it impact your word choice and tone?

5. CLAIM Your opinion or position on an issue Must be supported with evidence (quotes, facts, data) Evidence must be explained RACE paragraph = Claim

6. COUNTER CLAIM Consider the opposite side Argues against your claim Turn against your argument to challenge it Then turn back to reaffirm your position

7. REBUTTAL Turn back to your original position Responds to and refutes issues presented by the counterclaim

8. The Opposing Side Ask these questions: 1. Who might disagree with my position? Why? 2. What reasons do people have for disagreeing with me? 3. What evidence would support an opposing argument?

9. Counter Claim Key phrases to use: One might object that... It might seem that... It's true that... Admittedly... Of course...

10. REBUTTAL Return to your original argument based upon careful reasoning -Show why counter argument is mistaken -Acknowledge it, but show why it is less important

11. REBUTTAL Key Phrases to use: but yet however nonetheless still

12. EXAMPLE CLAIM: “More Americans are choosing low- carb diets because the media promotes low- carb diets as the new way to a skinnier body.” COUNTER CLAIM: “Some Americans don't watch television commercials because they own a DVR or Tivo, but most Americans are exposed to other forms of advertisement in magazines, newspapers, and highway billboards.

13. Where to put it? Introduction Claim 1 Claim 2 Counter Claim Rebuttal Conclusion Each of these will be one paragraph!

14. Text Structure of a Persuasive Essay

15. Thesis and Forecast A thesis statement is always one sentence that states your assertion (belief) about a topic. A thesis statement usually includes a forecast (brief preview of your arguments). (I believe) ____________________ because of argument 1, argument 2, and argument 3.

16. Which of the following is a good thesis statement? I believe we must stop wasting food now! The problem of food waste can easily be solved by implementing three simple steps: reduce, reuse, recycle. If you aren’t reducing, reusing, and recycling, you should. I believe wasting food is a huge problem. We need to reduce our food waste. For example, make a shopping list before you go to the store, and only buy things you truly need. You shouldn’t buy a gallon of milk if you are only going to drink a quart of it during the week. Who cares if the gallon size is on sale?

17. Supporting Arguments Logical Appeal (Logos)—Does the author’s proposal make sense? Ethical Appeal (Ethos)– Is the author’s proposal the right thing to do? Emotional Appeal (Pathos)—Will accepting the author’s proposal make me feel better?

18. Types of Supporting Arguments Logos—an appeal to logic Often contain expert testimony Often contain statistical information Suggest that the product is the “logical” or “right” choice

19. Types of Supporting Arguments Ethos-an appeal to do the “right” thing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Samhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Sam http://marvel.com/images/gallery/story/15172/images_from_own_a_piece_of_the_captain_america_movie/image/857368

20. Types of Supporting Arguments Pathos-an appeal to the emotions http://46664.net/56/aspca-the-american-society-for-the-prevention-of-cruelty-to-animals/

21. Not all emotional arguments are sad! http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1912454,00.htm lhttp://www.heroestheseries.com/masi-oka-and-hayden-panettiere-got-milk-ads/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1912454,00.htm

22. Counter Arguments Address Reader Objections Oil companies should not be allowed to drill for oil in Alaska. Schools should make overweight students eat diet meals for school lunch. http://factbank.blogspot.com/2012/05/alaska-facts.htmlhttp://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/Overweight-in-Children_UCM_304054_Article.jsp

23. Be Cautious! It is true that counter arguments enrich argumentative writing However adding a weak counterargument or overdoing it cause worse results

24. Practice: Write a Claim and Counter Argument for ONE of the following topics (your choice!) 1. To Die or Suffer: The Necessity of Physician-assisted Suicide 2. Can cellphones be educational tools?