1. Immigration study guide

2. Immigration Study guide 1.gave free public land in the west to anyone willing to live on and cultivate the land for 5 years. 2.African Americans called Exodusters and Southerners moved west for opportunities 3.cowboys would “drive” cattle across the west, Brought to an end by expansion of railroads and barbed wire-(ranches)

3. 4. Forcible removal of Indians continued throughout the 19 th century. Conflicts with Plains Indians- **1876-Little Big Horn, Montana-George Custer, Sitting Bull, and Crazy Horse Wounded Knee, South Dakota- ended Native American resistance on the Great Plains. GHOST DANCE thought to be a war dance ***Almost 300 old men, women, and children killed by the U.S. military

4. 5. BY EARLY 20 TH CENTURY ALL STATES IN THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES HAD BEEN ADMITTED. *Arizona-last 1912. 6. Before 1871- from Northern and Western Europe (Germany, England, Ireland, Norway, Sweden) –After 1870-1921- Southern and Eastern Europe (Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Yugoslavia) as well as Asia (China and Japan) Ellis Island-NEW YORK CITY-Statue of Liberty(before Castle Garden) China and Japan Angel Island-SAN FRANCISCO, CA

5. 7. RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL FREEDOM ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY BETTER LIVES FOR FAMILIES 8. WORK CONDITIONS –Low wages and long hours –Dangerous working conditions DISCRIMINATION-faced hardship and hostility –Differing cultures and religions clashed with earlier immigrants-NATIVISM –Competition for jobs

6. 9. Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 *Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 Gentlemen’s Agreement-1907-limited Japanese immigration 10. Shortage of housing and need for public works such as sewer, water systems, trash service, and public transportation NYC subway- world’s first subway Streetcars and trolleys Skyscrapers symbolize cities-used steel, elevators

7. 11. N atural resources and navigable rivers, M igration from farms to cities G overnment support for business, C heap labor from immigrants

8. 12. B essemer Process-Henry Bessemer –B etter, Cheaper Steel Cyrus McCormick Reaper Thomas Alva E dison- “Wizard of Menlo Park” E lectric light bulb –World’s first electric power plant Alexander Graham Bell-RING, RING –Telephone Wilbur and Orville Wright-FLIGHT –First piloted flight of an airplane (in Kitty Hawk) Henry Ford- assembly line process and cars

9. 13. Andrew Carnegie –Steel J.P. Morgan –Banking and Finance John D. Rockefeller –Oil Cornelius Vanderbilt –Railroads

10. 14. POST CIVIL WAR-MAINLY IN THE NORTH 15. Supreme Court ruled that separate but equal did not violate 14 th amendment 16. Separate but Equal” – laws that limited freedoms of African Americans – forced separation in public places for whites and blacks

11. 17. African Americans out of the South and into northern cities in search of jobs and to escape poverty and discrimination in the South 18. Led an anti-lynching campaign/investigative reporter-called on the government to take action

12. 19. Believed in vocational education and equality through economic success *Willing to accept social separation-believed in GRADUAL approach to end segregation Founded Tuskegee Institute

13. 20. Believed that education was meaningless without equality. Leader of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) – 21. Used government to reform problems created by the Industrial Revolution GOALS: 1.Guaranteed economic opportunities through government regulation 2.Elimination of social injustices 3.Government controlled by the people

14. 22. WORKING CONDITIONS FOR LABOR E MPLOYMENT OF WOMEN D ANGEROUS WORKING CONDITIONS L ONG HOURS. LOW WAGES, NO JOB SECURITY, NO BENEFITS C HILD LABOR C OMPANY TOWNS EXCESSES OF GILDED AGE I NCOME DIFFERENCES-RICH VS POOR

15. 23. Local level Commissioners and city managers in cities, National Elections – Use of the secret ballot – Primary elections 17 th Amendment-direct election of senators In state Governments – Initiative—law originates with people – Referendum—proposed law voted on by the people – Recall –removing public official from office-vote of the people

16. 24. Child labor laws Limited work hours Regulated work conditions-EX. The Jungle-Upton Sinclair-led to the MEAT INSPECTION ACT MUCKRAKERS – JOURNALISTS WHO EXPOSED THESE ISSUES AND LAWS WERE CHANGED AS A RESULT.

17. 25. Sherman Anti-Trust Act - PREVENTS MONOPOLIES (restraint of trade) Clayton Anti-Trust Act- OUTLAWS PRICE FIXING and EXPANDED ON SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST

18. – 26. Knights of Labor-ACCEPTED SKILLED AND UNSKILLED LABOR and ACCEPTED AFRICAN AMERICANS. American Federation of Labor(AFL) (Samuel Gompers) Industrial Ladies’ Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) – American Railway Union -ARU (Eugene Debs)

19. 27. Strikes: HAYMARKET STRIKE HOMESTEAD STRIKE PULLMAN STRIKE 28. TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S PROGRESSIVE PROGRAM CALLED “SQUARE DEAL” *MEAT INSPECTION ACT *PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT *CONSERVATION

20. 28. WOODROW WILSON’S PROGRESSIVE PROGRAM CALLED “NEW FREEDOM” *FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION(FTC) *CLAYTON ANTI-TRUST ACT *FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM *19 TH AMENDMENT

21. 29. 19 TH AMENDMENT 30. Began entering the workforce in larger numbers during World War I Forerunner of modern protest movement