1. Standard III-2 Kingdom Plantae
Science AHSGE
Standard III-2 Kingdom Plantae

2. Kingdom Plantae Multicellular Eukaryotic
Autotrophic/producers- Make their own food
Chlorophyll- green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells
Photosynthesis- Light energy to chemical energy
Need Carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen
Glucose: sugar, starch, and carbohydrates

3. Vascular vs. Nonvascular
Nonvascular (Bryophyta)- Plants containing no vascular tissues; no roots
Require water for reproduction and nutrient transport
Live in moist, shady environments
Three types:
Mosses
Liverworts
Hornworts
Vascular- Plants containing vascular tissues (conducting/transporting tissues); have roots
Two tissues together in a vascular bundle:
Xylem- transports water from roots throughout the plant
Phloem- transports food from leaves throughout the plant; mostly to roots for storage

6. Nonvascular Plants- Bryophyta
Hornwort
Liverwort

7. Two Types of Vascular Plants
Spore-bearing
Reproduce by spores
Horsetails
Clubmosses
Whisk ferns
Pterophyta- ferns
Alternation of Generations
Gametophyte (n)
Sporophyte (2n)
Frond- leaf of a fern
Spores are found on the back
Seed-bearing

9. Vascular Plants
Fern
Spores on back of frond

10. Two-types of Seed-bearing Plants
Gymnosperm
Naked seeds (not protected)
Winged seeds
Wind pollinated
Conifers- produce cones
Female cones are larger; contain ovules
Male cones are smaller; contain pollen
Needle-like leaves
Evergreen- stay green all year; leaves are continually replaced
Examples: Pine, Fir, Cedar, Redwood, Spruce
Angiosperm
Protected seeds in fruit
Produce flowers
Colorful to attract pollinators
Broad-shaped leaves
Deciduous- Lose all leaves once a year; remain dormant in the winter
Examples: Maple, Oak, Apple, Pear, Tomato, Pecan, Rose

11. Gymnosperms
Female cones
Male cones

12. Vascular Plants- Gymnosperms
Pine Trees
Spruce Trees

13. Two Types of Angiosperms
Monocots
Herbaceous- Low growing; soft green stem
One cotyledon (seed leaf)- Food for embryo inside a seed
Leaves with parallel veination
Scattered/random vascular bundles
Fibrous/Adventitious root system
Dicots
Woody- Heightened; tough, wooden stem
Two cotyledons
Leaves with net-like veination
Vascular bundles in rings
Tap-root/Primary and adventitious root system

14. Vascular Plants- Angiosperms
Crab Apple Tree
Sweet Gum
Oak tree

15. Veination
Monocot
Dicot

16. Vascular Bundles

17. Root Systems

18. Roots
Root cap- Thick wall of dead cells at the tip of a root; protects it as it grows
Root hairs- Increase surface area for more water absorption

19. Plant Growth
Meristem- Areas of cells which divide allowing for primary growth of a plant

20. Plant Growth
Cambium- Area of cells between the xylem and phloem which divide allowing for secondary growth of a plant

21. Outer Plant Parts Epidermis- Skin covering of a plant
Cuticle- Waxy substance covering a leaf
Stomata- Openings on the underside of a leaf where gases are exchanged and transpiration takes place
Guard cells- Open and close stomata

22. Leaf Parts

23. Flower Parts Pistil- Female reproductive organ
Stigma- Sticky top for attachment of pollen
Style- Elongated portion leading from the stigma to the ovary
Pollen tube- tube leading from the stigma down the style to the ovary
Ovary- Contains ovules (eggs)
Stamen- Male reproductive organ
Anther- Pollen-producing structure at tip of filament
Filament- stalk-like structure which holds the anther up

24. Flower Parts (Monoecious)