1. Graham, Jack, Richard, Tony, WIngshun
CARBOHYDRATES
Graham, Jack, Richard, Tony, WIngshun

2. Functions Main purposes: energy, storage, structure
provides energy  50-80% of energy used by body is drawn from carbs
energy not immediately used and stored as glycogen (a polysaccharide carb) for future use
helps oxidise fat  w/o carbs, body can’t get energy from fat, which provides double the amount of energy
spares protein from being used for energy, so it can be used to build/repair tissues
aids digestion
helps make up cell & tissue structures
source of carbon for synthesis of other compounds

3. Monomer MONOSACCHARIDE
The smallest unit that makes up a carbohydrate is a
MONOSACCHARIDE
Monos = single
Sacchar = sugar

4. Empirical formula of carbohydrate is
Cm(H20)n

5. Monosaccharides, Disaccharides & Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides: carbohydrates with a small # of carbon atoms (3-7)
Aka simple sugars
ex. fructose & glucose

6. Disaccharides: made of 2 monosaccharides joined together with a glycosidic linkage
Ex. maltose  formed from 2 glucoses
sucrose  formed from a glucose & fructose
Glycosidic linkage: covalent bond between 2 simple sugars from a dehydration reaction
Polysaccharides: made of many monosaccharides chained together (so they’re polymers)
Ex. starch & glycogen

7. Starch is a storage polysaccharide made of glucose in plants
is stored energy from which glucose can be withdrawn by hydrolysis to be used as a nutrient
stored by plants in plastids
bond angles make it helical shaped

8. Glycogen glycogen is the storage polysaccharide of glucose in animals
Stored mostly in liver & muscles)
extensively branched\
when animals need sugar, glycogen undergoes hydrolysis to release glucose

9. Cellulose
cellulose is an indigestible (for most organisms) type of polysaccharide
makes up the structure of plant cell walls
different glycosidic linkages in starch & cellulose makes the shape of the molecules slightly different
straight and not branched

10. Works Cited
Ashiya. "5 Most Essential Functions of Carbohydrates." Preserve Articles. PreserveArticles.com, n.d. Web. 26 Sept < carbohydrates.html>. Campbell, Neil A., and Jane B. Reece. "The Structure and Function of Macromolecules." Biology. Sixth ed. N.p.: Benjamin Cummings, Print. "Carbohydrates." SparkNotes. SparkNotes LLC, n.d. Web. 26 Sept < Tom. "Carbohydrates !" AP Biology 2007 (Period 1&2). Blogger, 12 Nov Web. 26 Sept <

11. Images
fonctionmacromol.htm ifferences.htm