1. Chapter 2, Entrepreneurial Intentions and Corporate Entrepreneurship
Vishnu Parmar, IBA
University of Sindh

2. Intention to Act Entrepreneurially
Entrepreneurial Intentions: The motivational factors that influence individuals to pursue entrepreneurial outcomes
Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy: The conviction that one can successfully execute the entrepreneurial process
Perceived Desirability: The degree to which an individual has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the potential entrepreneurial outcomes

3. Entrepreneur Background and Characteristics
Education
Age
Past Work Experience
Role Models and Support Systems
Moral Support Network (Psychological Support to an entrepreneur)
Professional Support Network

4. Key Elements in Entrepreneur’s Background
3-2
Supportive childhood family environment.
Having a father who is self-employed helps.
Education is important.
Aged when starting venture.
Work history: dissatisfied with company job but has technical knowledge.
Bill Gates
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5. 3-3
Role Models
parents, relatives, friends or entrepreneurs in the community.
may serve as mentors.
may help establish a moral and professional support network.
invaluable source of counsel and advice.
Who are your entrepreneurial role models?
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6. Minority Entrepreneurs
Male vs Female
Other communities like Asian American, African, Hispanic
Bohra, Memon, Dewan, Chinoti, etc

7. Male Entrepreneur Characteristics
Motivation
Make Things Happen, Role In Corp. Not Important, Desire To Be In Control
Departure Point
Dissatisfied With Present Job, Sidelines, Discharged/Laid-Off, Acquisition Opportunity
Fund Sources
Personal Assets/Savings, Bank, Investors, Family/Friends Loans
Occupational Background
Experience, Recognized Specialist, Competent In Business Functions
Personality
Opinionated/Persuasive, Goal-Oriented, Innovative/Idealistic, Self-Confident, Energetic
Background
Age = 25-35, Father Self-Employed, College-Educated, Firstborn Child
Support Groups
Friends, Professional Acquaintances (Lawyers, Accountants), Associates, Spouse
Business Started
Manufacturing/Construction

8. Occupational Background
Female Entrepreneur Characteristics
Motivation
Accomplishment Of Goal, Do It Alone
Departure Point
Job Frustration, Recognition Of Opportunity, Change In Personal Circumstance
Fund Sources
Personal Assets/Savings, Personal Loans
Occupational Background
Experience, Mid-Management/Administrative Experience, Service Occupation
Personality
Flexible/Tolerant, Goal-Oriented, Creative & Realistic, Self-Confident, Energetic, Social
Background
Age = 35-45, Father Self-Employed, College Educated (Liberal Arts), Firstborn Child
Support Groups
Friends, Spouse, Family, Women’s Prof. Groups, Trade Associations
Business Started
Service-Related

9. Men Vs. Women Entrepreneurs
3-4
Men Vs Women Entrepreneurs
motivated to achieve independence and ‘make things happen.’
Departure point: job dissatisfaction, layoff.
Support group: friends, professional acquaintances.
Initiates between ages More likely to start a business in manufacturing, construction or high tech.
motivated to accomplish a goal and achieve independence.
Departure point: job frustration, change in personal circumstances.
Support group: spouse, family, close friends.
Initiates between ages More likely to start a service business.
Most other dimensions show no differences.
(Hisrich & Peters, p. 76)
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10. Entrepreneur Vs. Inventor
3-5
An inventor creates something for the first time. While the entrepreneur falls in love with the new venture, the inventor falls in love with the invention and often requires the expertise of an entrepreneur to launch a new venture.
Historians classify Albert Einstein as an inventive genius and Henry Ford as an entrepreneurial genius. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
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11. Managerial vs Entrepreneurial Decision Making
Entrepreneurial Management is distinct from traditional management in terms of eight dimensions (Table 2.1)
Strategic Orientation
Commitment to Opportunity
Commitment to resources
Control of Resources

12. Managerial vs Entrepreneurial Decision Making
Management Structure
Reward Philosophy
Growth Orientation
Entrepreneurial Culture

13. Establishing a Culture for Corporate Entrepreneurship
Corporate Entrepreneurship means entrepreneurial action within an established organization
In establishing an entrepreneurial environment within an established organization, certain factors and leadership characteristics need to be present (Table 2.3)

14. Table 2.3 (Characteristics of an Entrepreneurial Environment)
Organization operates on frontiers of technology
New ideas encouraged
Trial and error encouraged
Failure Allowed
No Opportunity Parameters
Resources Available and Accessible

15. Table 2.3 (Characteristics of an Entrepreneurial Environment)
Multidiscipline teamwork approach
Long Time Horizon
Volunteer Program
Appropriate Reward System
Sponsor and Champions available
Support of top management

16. Leadership Characteristics of Corporate Entrepreneurs
Understands the Environment
Is Visionary and Flexible
Creates Management Options
Encourages Teamwork
Encourages Open Discussion
Builds a coalition of supporters
Persists