1. Matter and Change

2. What is Matter? Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

3. Physical Properties
A property that can be observed and measured without changing the substance.

4. What are some physical properties?
Examples:
luster
malleability: the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet
ductility: the ability to be stretched into a wire
melting point
boiling point
density
solubility
specific heat

5. Physical Changes
A change in a substance that does not change the identity of the substance

6. Physical Changes

7. Some physical changes would be
boiling of a liquid
melting of a solid
dissolving a solid in a liquid to give a homogeneous mixture — a SOLUTION.

8. States of Matter Substance Shape Volume Particle Movement Solid
Definite
Fixed particles
(Vibrate)
Liquid
Indefinite
Definite
Free to move pass each other
Gas
Indefinite
Movement is faster & far apart

9. Chemical Properties
Chemical Properties- a property that can only be observed by changing the type of substance.

10. Chemical Change or Chemical Reaction
Transformation of one or more substances into a different substance with different properties.
You can not get the original substance back

11. Likely Signs of a Chemical Change
Heat produced
Light produced
Production of a gas
Color change
Odor
Formation of a precipitate – a solid formed by mixing two liquids together

12. Chemical Change or Chemical Reaction
Examples of a chemical change:
Iron rusts or oxidizes
Hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide
Neutralization of acid with a base
Grass growing in a lawn (Photosynthesis)
Electrolysis of water
Hydrolysis of water

13. Physical vs Chemical Physical Change Verbs Chemical Change Verbs
Digest
Cook/bake/fry
Rust/corrode
Oxidize/reduce
Rot/spoil
Decompose/decay
Not easily reversed
Energy absorbed or released.
Burn/combust/ignite
Electrolysis or Hydrolysis
melt/boil/evaporate
Dissolve
Chop/grind/tear
Easily reversed.
Does not absorb or release energy.
Does NOT lose its identity (still there)
Color(paint)/bend/twist

14. Learning Check Physical or Chemical Property?
melting point
flammable
density
magnetic
tarnishes in air
solubility

15. Exit ticket Physical or Chemical Change?
1. Potassium chlorate decomposing 2. dissolving in water 3. burning a log 4. water evaporating 5. grinding spices 6. formation of a precipitate 7. Boiling water
Chemical
Physical

16. Day 2

17. Classification of Properties
Extensive properties
Depend upon the amount of matter present
Ex: mass, volume, heat energy, length
Classification of Properties

18. Classification of Properties
Intensive properties
Do not depend upon the amount of matter present, and remains constant
Ex: density, boiling, freezing, melting points, conductivity, solubility, magnetism
Classification of Properties

19. Mixtures and Pure Substances Day 2

20. Can it be chemically decomposed?
Matter Flowchart
Compound
PURE SUBSTANCE
Can it be chemically decomposed? no
yes
Element 20

21. Metalloids
Nonmetals
Metals

22. One type of Pure Substance
Elements- simplest kind of matter
All one kind of atom
110 named elements
H, O, Cu, Fe, He, Ne
Based on this definition is H2 an element?

23. The other type of Pure Substance
Compounds are substances that can be broken down by a chemical change
Atoms of two or more different elements that have been combined in a fixed proportion.
H2O, NaCl, CaCO3,

24. Element or Compound Sucrose- Copper- Hydrochloric acid-
Copper(II) chloride-
Oxygen-
Potassium-
C6H12O6
Compound Cu
Element
HCl
Compound
Element or Compound
CuCl2
Compound O2
Element K
Element

25. Is the composition uniform?
Matter Flowchart
MIXTURE
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Heterogeneous Mixture
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution) 25

26. Mixtures Made up of two or more substances.
Heterogeneous- mixture is not uniform in composition
Hetero means different

27. Mixtures Homogeneous- same composition throughout.
Solution – a homogenous mixture with particles so small they cannot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container
Example: Vinegar, cola, apple juice

28. Alloys Alloy- homogeneous mixture composed of 2 or more metal elements
Examples
Steel – Fe , C, Cr, Ni
Brass – Cu & Zn
14K, 10K, 18K Gold
Alloys

29. Homogeneous or Heterogeneous
Milk-
Sugar water-
Trail mix-
Salt water solution-
Steel-
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous or Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Homogeneous

30. Element, Compound, Heterogeneous, or Homogeneous
Titanium-
Copper(II) sulfate-
Cheeseburger-
Calcium chloride -
Lithium nitrate solution-
Calcium-
Acetone-(nail polish
Remover)-
Brass-
Element
Compound
Hetero Mixture
Compound
Element, Compound, Heterogeneous, or Homogeneous
Homo Mixture
Element
Homo mixture
Homo mixture-alloy

31. Element, Compound, Heterogeneous, or Homogeneous
Two different elements
Element, Compound, Heterogeneous, or Homogeneous
Coke and ketchup
Homogeneous
Mixture
Hetero mixture
Element- O2

32. Matter Flowchart MATTER yes no Can it be physically separated?
Can it be chemically decomposed?
Is the composition uniform? 32

33. Can it be physically separated?
Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes no
Can it be physically separated?
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Can it be chemically decomposed? no
yes
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element

34. Separation Techniques
Filtration-physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids
Separation Techniques

35. Distillation

36. Fractional Distillation
the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, using their boiling point and heating them to different temperatures
Fractional Distillation

37. techniques for the separation of mixtures
techniques for the separation of mixtures. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate.
Chromatography

38. Exit ticket

39. Exit Ticket Sodium bicarbonate- Kool-Aid- 10K gold- Helium gas-
Sand, salt, and iron-
Sand-
Compound
Homogeneous mixture
Homo mixture- alloy
Element
Exit Ticket
Hetero mixture
Compound
Four corners- Move to a different corner of the
classroom and determine each type of matter.