1. ACIDS & BASES module 1- 2013

2. i.An acid is a chemical substance that …………………in water to produce ………………. ions. ii.A base is a chemical substance that ………………in water to produce ………………. ions. iii.Base can be classify as metal oxide or metal hydroxide for example Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Zinc Hydroxide (Zn(OH) 2 ) DEFINITIONS OF ACIDS, BASES AND ALKALIS ionizes hydrogen ionizes hydroxide

3. i.Alkalis are ……………………. that dissolve in ………………… to produce hydroxide ions, OH - Example of alkali : Potassium Oxide, K 2 O, Potassium Hydroxide, KOH, Sodium Oxide, Na 2 O, Sodium Hydroxide, NaOH, Ammonium Hydroxide, NH 4 OH bases water

4. Ionize equation: NOTE : Hydrogen ion, H+ must FREE TO MOVE in WATER to show ACIDIC PROPERTIES

6. COMPOUNDCHEMICAL FORMULA CLASSIFIED Sodium oxide Calcium oxide Hydrochloric acid Calcium hydroxide Ethanoic acid Ammonia 3)Classify these substances into strong and weak acids, bases and alkali Na 2 O base CaO base HCl strong acid Ca(OH) 2 strong alkali CH 3 COOH weak acid NH 3 Base Base is oxides or hydroxides metals, alkali is soluble hydroxides ( KAN) and Ba(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2

7. COMPOUNDCHEMICAL FORMULA CLASSIFIED Lead (II) oxide Potassium oxide Barium Hydroxide Nitric acid Sulphuric acid Magnesium oxide Base is oxides or hydroxides metals, alkali is soluble hydroxides ( KAN) and Ba(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 PbO Base K 2 O base Ba(OH) 2 Alkali HNO 3 Strong acid H 2 SO 4 Strong acid MgO Base

8. USES OF ACIDS IN DAILY LIFE Methanoic acid Nitric acid benzoic acid hypochlorous acid carbonic acid hydrochloric acid sulphuric acid

9. USES OF ALKALIS IN DAILY LIFE Magnesium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide Magnesium Hydroxide / Aluminium hydroxide ammonia sodium hydroxide

10. PROPERTIES OF ACID AND ALKALI (I)ACID Taste ________ and turn moist _______ litmus paper to ______ sourblue red Chemical Properties of Acid (1) REACTION WITH METALS that is more electropositive than hydrogen in the electrochemical series to produce SALT AND HYDROGEN

12. Acid + Metal  salt + Hydrogen gas 2HCl + Zn  ZnCl2 + H2 a) Fill in diagram c) above b) What can you observe when zinc powder is added to hydrochloric acid solution ? - bubble of colourless gas released - Zinc powder dissolves c) Which substance is an acid? Hydrochloric acid

13. d) Which substance is a metal? zinc e) Name the gas that is produced. hydrogen gas f) Name the salt formed zinc chloride

15. 1.Black powder dissolved 2.Blue solution is formed Blue solid formed Sulphuric acid Copper (II) oxide Copper(II) sulphate

17. Colourless gas evolved that turn lime water cloudy Calcium carbonate Carbon dioxide Calcium nitrate

18. BITTER RED BLUE

19. DISSOLVE CRYSTAL ROOM BLUE AMMONIA GREEN

23. HYDROGEN ION ACID MOLECULES IONISES IN WATER to form hydrogen ion EXP 1 AND 3, no hydrogen ion present EXP 2, HYDROGEN ION FROM ACID REACT WITH MAGNESIUM TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN GAS Water IONISES THE ACID MOLECULES TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN IONS

26. What is the role of propanone? What is the ion that is responsible for litmus paper to change colour? As an Organic solvent to dissolve ammonia Hydroxide ion

27. Which experiment does not show alkaline property ? Why? What is the role of water in showing the properties of alkali? Experiment 1 and 3. Because no presence of hydroxide ion Water ionizes alkali and produce hydroxide ion. The Hydroxide ion will show the alkali property

28. THE STRENGTH OF ACID AND ALKALI Strong and Weak Alkali Definition Equation Strong and Weak Acid Definition Equation pH concept

29. D: Complete table below GIVE DEFINITIONSGIVE EXAMPLES STRONG ACID WEAK ACID An Acid that ionizes completely in water to produce high concentration of hydrogen ion An Acid that ionizes partially in water to produce low concentration of hydrogen ion Hydrochloric acid, Nitric Acid, Sulphuric acid Ethanoic acid, Methanoic acid,benzoic acid

30. GIVE DEFINITIONSGIVE EXAMPLES STRONG ALKALI WEAK ALKALi An Alkali that ionizes completely in water to produce high concentration of hydroxide ion Sodium Hydroxide, Barium Hydroxide An Alkali that ionizes partially in water to produce low concentration of hydroxide ion Ammonia aqueous / Ammonium Hydroxide,

31. E: What is the relationship between the concentration of hydrogen ions and the pH value the degree of ionization and the concentration of hydrogen ions degree of ionization and the strength of acid The higher the concentration of hydrogen ion, the lower the pH value The higher the degree of ionization, the higher the concentration of hydrogen ion The higher the degree of ionization, the stronger an acid

32. SOAP coffee 3.0 banana 5.0 Vinegar Hydrochloric acid Tooth paste F : Place in pH values for the following substances 2.84.0 7.8 16.5-6.8 3.5 6.5 8.0 8.2

33. The pH value for hydrochloric acid 0.1 mol dm -3 is 1, Whereas pH value of ethanoic acid of the same concentration is pH 3. Explain. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that ionizes completely in water to produce high concentration of hydrogen ion. While Ethanoic acid is a weak acid that ionizes partially in water to produce low concentration of hydrogen ion. The higher the concentration of hydrogen ion, the lower the pH value Therefore Hydrochloric acid have lower pH value than Ethanoic acid

34. 2) What is the relationship between The concentration of hydroxide ions and the pH value the degree of ionization and the concentration of hydroxide ions \ The higher the concentration of hydroxide ion, the higher the pH value The higher the degree of ionization, the higher the concentration of hydroxide ion

35. degree of ionization and the strength of alkali The higher the degree of ionization, the stronger an alkali

36. The pH value for sodium hydroxide 0.1 mol dm -3 is 13 Whereas pH value of ammonia solution of the same concentration is pH 11. Explain Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali that ionizes completely in water to produce high concentration of hydroxide ion. While ammonia is a weak alkali that ionizes partially in water to produce low concentration of hydroxide ion The higher the concentration of hydroxide ion, the higher the pH value Therefore Sodium hydroxide have higher pH value than ammonia