1. By Pooja Shashidhar ISAT 351 Dr. Mckown 4-19-99
Xenotransplantation By
Pooja Shashidhar
ISAT 351
Dr. Mckown

2. What is Xenotransplantation
The transplantation of animal organs into the human body
It has the potential of saving thousands of human lives

3. Organ Donation First successful transplantation in 1954
First transplant was an exchange of kidneys between two identical twins
Now, receiver no longer has to be an identical genetic match to the donor
Organ transplantation now meets the needs of patients who require a variety of tissues or organs

4. Drawbacks Knowledge is not enough to save everybody
Tens of thousands of people register for an organ
Great shortage of organs
100,000 die before even being put on the waiting list
The number needing transplants is increasing

5. Advantages to Xenoptransplantation
There is always a vast supply of organs
Allows doctors to plan the actual surgery
Avoid organ rejection
It is thought to be easier to achieve tolerance with xenotransplantation than with traditional organ transplants

6. Organ Rejection The threat is prevalent in any transplantation
There are three ways that organs can be rejected
Hyperacute
acute
Chronic

7. Hyperacute Rejection
Seen in transplants that involve discordant species
IgM activates compliment system which punches holes into the membrane of the cell
Fastest rejection of the three types

8. Acute and Chronic
Acute rejection occurs six months to a year after transplantation
Involves t cells rather than antibodies
Chronic rejection occurs after three months of transplant
Involves t-cells and b-cells

9. Preventing Rejection
Prevent the binding of antibodies to activate the compliment system
Deceive the body to believe that the organ is not foreign
Inject bone marrow from animal into patient
Immune system will be part donor and part recepient

10. Transgenic Pigs Altering pig organs by treating them with human genes
Hope to have fewer antigens on the organ’s surface to which the antibody can bind to
Pigs organs are the same size as humans

11. Primate Organs
Concordant to human beings and similar in anatomy and physiology
Primates are endangered and cannot be sacrificed
Ethics of breeding primates for organ donation

12. In Conclusion
Out of 113 people surveyed, 50% said that it was acceptable to raise pigs for organs
41% of the patients surveyed said that they would receive an organ from a discordant or concordant species

13. Thanks for your attention!
THE END
Thanks for your attention!