1. Early European Colonies
Chapter 3

2. Focus Questions What purpose did the colonies serve?
What were the similarities & differences between French & British colonies in North America?
What impact did colonization have on the first Nations?
What characterized the colony of New France?

3. France & Britain Establish Colonies
European countries created colonies in North America to establish control of the region
Colonies were used as a methods to increase wealth of the European nation
Special privileges were given to companies in order to ensure successful colonization. One important privilege included having complete control of the colonies operations, growth & business ( a monopoly)
The rulers (the Crown) of the Mother Country (France & Britain) and a trade company agreed to certain rights and rules (charter)
Companies receiving a charter monopoly agreed to establish and maintain permanent colonies

4. Similarities & Differences Between French & British Colonies

5. French Colonies French colonies were French and Catholic
New France was slow to grow (only people by 1760) and needed constant support from France
France eventually took over the government of New France colony and took steps to increase its population and promote self sufficiency
Fur trade was Frances primary economic activity
In New France alliances were made with certain first nations to succeed in the fur trade

6. English Colonies British colonies in North America
were made up of a number of European cultures
The British colonies in North America grew faster ( people by 1760) and were self sufficient
British colonists did not initially form partnerships with first nations people
Each English colony (the Thirteen Colonies) had its own level of government which was directly controlled by Britain
The British colonies in North America were successfully economically
Hudson's Bay Company controlled the fur trade in Rupert’s land
This area was not settled and First Nations people traveled to British Forts

7. Impacts of Colonization on the First Peoples
First Peoples alliances with the French made them enemies of the English and their allies
First Nations alliances with the English made them enemies of the French and their allies
The fur trade forced the once peaceful First nations to exploit each others traditional territory & compete economically
Smallpox, measles, tuberculosis wiped out as much as half of the first nations populations

8. Meet New France France & New France were class based societies
Nobility & the wealthy were considered the most important members of society
Catholic Church played a very important role in French society
Compte de Frontenac was Governor of New France in 1672

9. New France Rupert’s Land Thirteen Colonies

10. Political Structure of New France
Governor- was responsible for military & protection of the colony, trade alliances with the First nations
Intendant- Chief administrator. Planned the colony’s self reliance
Bishop- religious leader. Responsible for church, education, health care, orphans
Soldiers- protection of New France. Were given land grants seigneuries as a payment for service

11. British & French Government Systems

12. The Church in New France
Church was responsible for many services
Spiritual training, conversion of the First nations to Catholicism, establishment of schools, hospitals & orphanages
The Jesuits, a Catholic religious order, were the primary religious leaders in New France
The Grey Nuns, another Catholic religious order, provided nursing health care in the hospitals

13. Terms
Epidemic: a disease affecting many persons at the same time, where the disease is not permanently prevalent. Half the original native population died
Missionaries: a person sent by a church into an area to persuade or convert others and carry on other activities, such as educational or hospital work. Asked natives to abandon traditional way of life
Imperialism: the rule of a larger stronger nation (France or England) over other foreign countries, includes the acquiring and holding land as colonies. This restricted access to land, & created rivalries among First Nations
Mercantilism: system of economy based on national policies of accumulating gold & wealth
Monopoly: A company or group having exclusive control over a commercial activity.
Courier de bois: Runners of the Woods, natives, adventures or Metis who went inland to gather furs

14. Seigneury