1. PLANTS

2. A Seed Plant is… A vascular plant that produces seeds
Vascular Tissue: forms a system of tiny tubes that transport water, food, and other minerals through the plant

3. Xylem…
Is vascular tissue that carries water and minerals UPWARDS from the roots through the plant.

4. Phloem…
Is vascular tissue that carries food throughout the plant (both UP and DOWN)

5. Roots are important… To anchor the plant in the ground
To absorb water from the soil
To store food for the plant

6. A taproot system…
Consists of a long, thick main root and thin, branching roots that extend out of the taproot.
For example, carrots and dandelions

7. A fibrous root system…
Consists of several main roots that branch repeatedly to form a tangled mass of thin roots
For example, grass

8. Stems are important…
To provide the means by which food, water, and minerals are transported from the roots to the leaves (xylem and phloem)
Hold leaves up to receive sunlight for photosynthesis

9. A herbaceous stem… Is soft and green
Sunflowers, dandelions, grass, tomatoes, etc.

10. A woody stem… Is rigid and strong
(contains wood…crushed xylem and phloem)
Lilac trees, rose bushes, maple trees, etc.

11. Leaves are important…
To capture the sun’s energy and produce food and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis

12. A simple leaf…
Has a blade that is in one piece
Maple leaf

13. Compound leaves
Have a blade that is divided into a number of separate leaf-like parts
Palm leaves, mountain ash leaves

14. Stomata…
Are microscopic openings in the epidermis of a leaf that allow carbon dioxide to enter and water and oxygen to exit
Open during the day, closed at night

15. Transpiration…
Is the process in which water is lost through the stomata in a plant’s leaves

16. During Photosynthesis…
Green plants use sunlight, chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide to make sugar (food) and oxygen.

17. Flowers…
Are structures that contain the reproductive organs

18. Sepal
Leaf-like structures that protect the developing flower (bud)

19. Petal
Colorful leaf-like structures that attract insects/animals with their colors and odors.

20. Stamen
Male reproductive organ
Thin stalk with small knobs on top

21. Filament
Stalk-like part of the stamen

22. Anther
Knob-like part of the stamen
Produces pollen

23. Pistil
Female reproductive organ found in the center of the flower

24. Stigma
Sticky tip of the pistil that collects pollen

25. The stigma is sticky…
So that it can collect and retain pollen from itself and other flowers

26. Style
Slender tube that connects the stigma to the ovary

27. Ovary
Contains eggs, which when fertilized become known as seeds

28. Pollination happens… 1. When a grain of pollen lands on the stigma
2. Pollen breaks open and a tube grows down the style to the ovary

29. Pollination…
Is the process in which pollen is carried from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures.

30. Fertilization happens
When a sperm cell emerges from the pollen tube and fertilizes the egg cell in the ovary.

31. 3 Main Parts of a Seed: Young Plant (embryo)
Stored Food: found in the seed leaves of the young plant
Seed Coat: surrounds and protects the young plant

32. Seed Dispersal
The process in which seeds are carried away from a plant
Wind, animals (sticking to fur; eating fruit and disposing of seeds elsewhere), water

33. Annuals
Plants that complete their life cycle within one growing season. (impatiens)

34. Biennials
Plants that complete their life cycle within two growing seasons. (violets)

35. Perennials
Plants that live for many years. (tulips)

36. Pollen… Is found within the male flower parts
Holds the cells that later become sperm cells