1. This is a license that gives an inventor the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention for a set period of time
A patent

2. The invention of this in the late 1880s made oil even more valuable
The automobile

3. He developed affordable, in-home lighting
Thomas Edison

4. He developed a code of short and long electrical impulses that represented the letters of the alphabet and perfected the telegraph
Samuel Morse

5. He invented the “talking telegraph” and set up the American Telephone & Telegraph Company in 1885.
Alexander Graham Bell

6. The transcontinental railroad
This was finished after 7 years on May 10, 1869 in Promontory Summit (now Utah)
The transcontinental railroad

7. One new technology that improved the national railroad system
Steel rails, standardized tracks, standardized signals, air brakes, telegraph system, national system of time zones

8. This term implies that business leaders built their fortunes by stealing from the public
Robber Barons

9. This term implies that business leaders serve their nation in a positive way—creating jobs, establishing museums, etc.
Captains of Industry

10. He formed the Standard Oil Company in 1870
John D. Rockefeller

11. Andrew Carnegie’s belief that people should make as much money as they can and then after they make it they should give it away
“gospel of wealth”

12. This theory held that those who were most “fit” would success and become rich
Social Darwinism

13. A market structure dominated by only a few large, profitable firms
oligopoly

14. Complete control of a product or service
monopoly

15. A loose association of businesses that make the same product
cartel

16. He established a steel company in 1889
Andrew Carnegie

17. Vertical consolidation
Gaining control of the many different businesses that make up all phases of a product’s development
Vertical consolidation

18. The Sherman Antitrust Act
Congress passed this law in 1890 that limited the amount of control a business could have over an industry by outlawing any combination of companies that restrained interstate trade or commerce
The Sherman Antitrust Act

19. The Sherman Antitrust Act ended up being applied against these groups
Labor unions

20. The economic and political philosophy that favors public instead of private control of property and income
socialism

21. This national union organized all working men & women, skilled & unskilled, to pursue broad social reforms
Knights of Labor

22. American Federation of Labor (AFL)
This national union was founded by Samuel Gompers as a craft union to pursue “bread and butter” issues
American Federation of Labor (AFL)

23. The process by which workers negotiate as a group with employers
Collective bargaining

24. The nickname for the Industrial Workers of the World, a radical union of unskilled workers
Wobblies

25. At this 1886 strike in Chicago, anarchists joined the protest and thus many Americans came to associate unions in general with violence and radicalism
Haymarket

26. This is a negative term for workers called in by employers to replace strikers
scabs

27. By June ,000 railway workers had joined this strike, which disrupted mail delivery, and was put down by 2,500 federal troops sent by President Cleveland
Pullman Strike

28. This term was coined to describe the post-Reconstruction era and meant that a thin, glittering layer of prosperity covered the poverty & corruption of much of society
The Gilded Age

29. This French phrase means a hands-off approach to the economy
Laissez-Faire

30. This company gave cheap shares of valuable stock to Congress so that Congress would support more funding for railroad work
Credit Mobilier

31. Under this system individuals offer candidates votes & support and are then rewarded with jobs & political favors
Spoils system

32. This president was assassinated by a disgruntled office seeker
James Garfield

33. Pendleton Civil Service Act
President Chester Arthur passed this law which created a civil service commission to classify government jobs and reform civil service
Pendleton Civil Service Act

34. The Interstate Commerce Commission was created to regulate this industry
Railroads

35. Restrictive Covenants
These were agreements among homeowners not to sell real estate to certain groups of people
Restrictive Covenants

36. This group was totally banned from America after 1882 by nativist restrictions
Chinese

37. These were low cost apartment buildings designed to house as many families as possible
tenements

38. This reporter published How the Other Half Lives to describe life in the slums and generate public support for reform
Jacob Riis

39. She founded a settlement house in Chicago to help people find jobs, provide health care, child care, and education, etc.
Jane Addams

40. This social science studies how people interact with one another in a society
sociology