1. Rome
Myths and Legends

2. Romulus and Remus 6:20

3. Roman Republic Voters elect representatives
In Rome it was based on tradition, not a written constitution
SENATE – council of representatives made up of patricians
CONSULS – 2 senators, one year term, proposed laws, led army, one had veto power over the other, most important officials
MAGISTRATES – government officials, included consuls, praetors (judiciary), aediles (supervised marketplace), questors (financial officers), censors (counted the population every 5 years). Most terms were one year
TRIBUNES – plebeian elected council

4. Roman Republic Society
PATRICIANS – descendants of founding families of Rome, upper class, ran the government
PLEBEIANS – commoners, controlled tribal assemblies, made up the military
Plebeians demanded more rights from patricians and in 451bc forced patricians to publish the first written code of Roman Law: the Twelve Tables
Patricians and plebeians owned slaves
Women gained rights and independence, eventually took part in government and owned property
Religion borrowed from Greeks: Jupiter (Zeus), Juno (Hera), Minerva (Athena)

5. Punic Wars of the Republic
265bc Rome controlled most of
Italy while Carthage controlled
the Western Mediterranean
“Punic” comes from the Latin
word for Carthage
bc 1st Punic War:
Romans won, gaining control of
Sicily
bc 2nd Punic War:
Hannibal (C) entered Gaul
wanting to conquer Rome; Battle
of Cannae (216bc) Romans lost so decided to invade Carthage; Battle of Zama (202bc) Scipio (R) defeated Hannibal
bc 3rd Punic War: Rome destroyed Carthage and took its territory; Rome also conquered Greece at this time
FINAL RESULT: Rome controls all of the Mediterranean

6. Cupid and Psyche 7:32

8. Roman Empire Established in 31bc by first emperor, Augustus
All emperors took the title, caesar
Caesars controlled the army, supervised provincial governors, took direct control of troubled provinces
The Senate advised the caesar, maintained the treasury, and oversaw the peaceful provinces
No laws said who the next caesar would be making the job of caesar a dangerous one
A series of roads connected the provinces to the city of Rome helping trade and the movement of troops
The Roman army was organized into legions, highly organized and efficient groups of soldiers lead by an officer called a centurion

10. Christianity Jesus As a Jew in Judaea, his family
was allowed to worship freely
Herod the Great was ruler of
the province at the time of his
birth in city of Bethlehem
ad6 – Judaea officially becomes Roman and Roman laws are strictly enforced
Taught Jewish ideas of “one God” and laws like the Ten Commandments
Called himself the “Son of God” or Messiah (Hebrew: “anointed one”) later called Christ (Greek: “anointed one”)
ad30 Roman Governor Pontius Pilate sentences him to death by crucifixion at the urging of outraged Jews who disagreed with his teachings

11. Christianity Christians First followers: Jesus' 12 apostles
Spread first through Greek part of Roman world, taking on Greek name for messiah, Christos
Followers became known as Christians
Met in private homes, renounced evils though baptism, assembled on Sunday to celebrate the Eucharist (Last Supper)
Persecuted by Romans and Jews, murdered Christians became martyrs
Church hierarchy developed: Patriarch Bishop  priest; lead by men
Teachings based on Hebrew scriptures and letters written by the apostles to early Christians
Became official religion of Roman Empire in ad380 by Theodosius I

13. Romance Languages: Languages based on Latin

15. Fall of Rome: Barbarian Invasions