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1 WEB Engineering Introduction to Electronic Commerce COMM1Q
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WEB Engineering2 2 Contents u u The Attributes of Web-Based Applications u u The Web Eng. Process u u A Framework for Web Eng. u u Formulating/Analysing Web-Based Systems u u Design for Web-Based Applications u u Testing Web-Based Applications u u Management Issues
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WEB Engineering3 3 The Attributes of Web-based Applications (1) The Situation Quality Attributes The Technologies
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WEB Engineering4 3 The Attributes of Web-based Applications The Situation - - the vast majority of web-based applications are: u u network intensive, u u content-driven, u u in continuous evolution.
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WEB Engineering5 3 The Attributes of Web-based Applications Quality Attributes - General quality attributes apply as much to web-based apps as to other s/w product. The difference is in emphasis on Usability, Functionality, Reliability, Maintainability
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WEB Engineering6 3 The Attributes of Web-based Applications The Technologies - - development of web apps uses : u u component-based development /software engineering, u u security paradigms - methods, tools, procedures, u u Internet standards (HTML, XML, de facto media standards, etc.).
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WEB Engineering7 Process The Web Eng. Process is shaped by: Networks, Content as much a material and design issue as a functional issue Continuous evolution
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WEB Engineering8 A Framework for Web Eng. Remembering the continuously evolving nature of web apps, a spiral model: formulation, planning, analysis, engineering, page generation and testing, customer evaluation engineering: architectural / navigation / interface design content design / production
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WEB Engineering9 Formulation, Planning and Analysis Formulation - ask the questions to identify the objectives and audience of the web app. Planning - costs, resources, risks, plans, timescale (always compressed!). Analysis -content, interaction, functional, confign. (cf. requirements analysis)
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WEB Engineering10 Engineering/Design Stages: Architecture (structures), Architecture (patterns), Navigation, Interface, Production. (refer to checklist, etc. at back of presentation)
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WEB Engineering11 Testing Web Apps u u Review content u u Review design u u Processing components are unit tested u u Architecture integration tests u u Complete Web app tested (functionality + content delivery) u u Environment (operating systems) compatibility testing u u End-user tests
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WEB Engineering12 Management The Web team - different people for different roles Project management - outsourcing issues estimation - time, schedule, resources, etc. risk estimation Scope Configuration Management - content control people / authority to make, approve, implement changes scale (change to scale = change to type of control) ‘ownership’ of components (“rights and responsibilities”)
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WEB Engineering13 Enterprise Usability Management: A Compass for Top Management Equate usability with competitiveness and quality in the enterprise Trace cost of usability problems to the source Incorporate design and evaluation cycles into product development Balance the use of static design standards and dynamic research results Systematise the learning of design principles and skills Develop team evaluation methods for team design projects. Align feedback loops from all sources toward new product design Maintain cross-project collaboration in the product design process Align all forms of communication to customers who use the products Participate in growing the base of knowledge about usability.
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WEB Engineering14 Ten Steps to Product Usability: A Roadmap for Project Managers u u Set strategic and detailed usability objectives u u Develop and incorporate user profiles u u Prioritise critical product components and task flow u u Identify a design team and clarify roles u u Define the UI design process (traditional GUI and Web interfaces) u u Develop a usability evaluation strategy a usability test plan.... when should you test? how should you structure the test? u u Establish product design guidelines (traditional GUI and Web designs) u u Develop a UI specifications documentation procedure u u Develop a user assistance strategy help, tutorials, splash screens, etc. that make-up the user assistance strategy u u Maintain a feedback channel for users
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WEB Engineering15 Ten Elements of Usability: A Yardstick for Designers: u u Clarify the core concepts of the design u u Plan and maintain consistency (internal and external consistency of UI design) u u Fit content to customers who use the product u u Provide reassuring and effective feedback u u Clarify interaction rules (dialog design, data entry, selection, modes, drag and drop, etc.) u u Structure navigation clearly (menus, tree structures) u u Use plain terminology (terminology within the user's knowledge domain - know your user) u u Optimise user assistance (help tools /on-line help and documentation) u u Optimise visual design (graphics, layout, icons, metaphors, real world models) u u Design for the context of use
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WEB Engineering16 Checklist for Testing Your Web Pages for Accessibility u u Turn off graphics, make sure the ALT text displayed makes the page usable u u Turn off sounds, make sure no important instructions are lost u u Turn off style sheets, to make sure the page is still readable u u Use the High Contrast option in the Accessibility Options section of Control Panel, restart the browser, make sure the page is still readable. u u Use Custom Font Sizes in the Display section of Control Panel u u Use the largest font size supported by the browser (the largest is only available when High Contrast mode is turned on) u u Resize the browser window larger and smaller u u Navigate using the keyboard, make sure TAB traverses all links in reasonable order and that CTRL+TAB moves between panes or sections u u Select all text and copy it to the clipboard, ensure it makes sense when pasted into a word processor u u Use an analysis tool, such as ‘Bobby’, to examine your pages
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