1. Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th edition
Unit G: The Web and E-Commerce

2. Objectives Introduce Web technology Explore Web browsers
Examine Other Web and Internet services
Examine Web page features
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition 2

3. Objectives (continued)
Use search engines
Introduce e-commerce
Secure e-commerce transactions
Enhance Web technology
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition 3

4. Introducing Web Technology
Internet: a communications network that transmits data
Web: a collection of documents called Web pages that are accessed over the Internet and are related by using links
Web page: a document that can contain text, graphics, video, and audio
A Web page is an HTML document
Web site: a collection of related Web pages
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition 4

5. Introducing Web Technology (continued)
Browser (or a Web browser): software that displays Web page elements
Link (or hyperlink): a navigation tool on a Web page
Hypertext
URL (Uniform Resource Locator): the address for a Web page
Web resource: any data file that has a URL
HTML document, graphic, video, sound file, etc.
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

6. Figure G-2: How Web pages get to your computer
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

7. Introducing Web Technology (continued)
Web server: a computer that uses special software to transmit Web pages over the Internet
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): the communications protocol used to transport data over the Web
HTTP status code: indicates whether or not the browser’s request can be fulfilled
“404 Not Found” message
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

8. Exploring Web Browsers
Popular browsers:
Microsoft Windows Internet Explorer (IE)
Mozilla Firefox
Google Chrome
Apple Safari (for the Mac)
Tabs: a way to view more than one Web page within one browser window
Favorite (or bookmark): a saved link to a Web site
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

9. Figure G-3: Popular browsers
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

10. Exploring Web Browsers (continued)
Helper application
Also called add-on, plug-in, or player
Extends a browser’s ability
Installing browser updates is important
Web pages can be viewed on PDAs, smartphones, and other portable computing devices
Web cache: stores temporary Web files
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

11. Examining Other Web and Internet Services
FTP (file transfer protocol): provides a way to transfer files from one computer to another over any TCP/IP network
Podcast (or Webcast): an audio file distributed through downloads or a feed
RSS: a format for feeding or syndicating content from Web sites to user’s computer
Social networking: use of the Web to stay connected with family, friends, colleagues
Facebook, LinkedIn, MySpace, Bebo
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

12. Examining Other Web and Internet Services (continued)
Blog: a Web site where people can provide commentary or news on a particular subject
Can also use as personal online diaries
Wiki: a collaborative Web site that can be accessed and edited by anyone
Wikipedia
Communicating in real time: instant messaging (IM), Voice over IP
Web 2.0 refers to new and innovative ways of using the Web
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

13. Figure G-8: Wikipedia
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

14. Examining Web Page Features
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
A set of specifications for creating HTML documents that a browser can display as a Web page
HTML is a markup language
HTML tags specify how the document should appear when displayed
XHTML is the version after HTML 4
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

15. Figure G-10: A source HTML document and its Web page
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

16. Examining Web Page Features (continued)
Mailto: link
Automatically opens a preaddressed form
HTML tags are used to create links to other Web documents
Web page authoring tools
Text editors, such as Notepad
HTML conversion utility
Web authoring software
Online Web page authoring tools
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

17. Using Search Engines Web search engine (or search engine)
A program designed to help people locate information on the Web
Contains four components:
Web crawler: combs the Web to gather data that is representative of the Web pages
Indexer: makes pages easy to find based on their contents
Database
Query processor: looks for search terms in the database and displays a list of relevant Web sites in browser
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

18. Figure G-12: Search results
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

19. Using Search Engines (continued)
Order of Web sites in search results
Depends on relevancy criteria, such as:
Key word matches
Link popularity
Keyword stuffing: an unethical practice in which meta keywords are manipulated to gain high relevancy rankings
Boolean operator (or a search operator): a word or symbol that describes a relationship between keywords
AND, OR, NOT
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

20. Introducing E-Commerce
E-commerce: financial transactions conducted over a computer network
B2C (business-to-consumer) e-commerce
C2C (consumer-to-consumer) e-commerce
B2B (business-to-business) e-commerce
B2G (business-to-government) e-commerce
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

21. Figure G-15: E-commerce shopping
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

22. Introducing E-Commerce (continued)
Online shopping cart (or online shopping bag): cyberspace version of a shopping cart
Most shopping carts work by using cookies
Cookie: data generated by a Web server and stored in a text file on user’s computer
Users can choose to allow cookies or not
Advertising on Web sites
Banner ad
Pop-up ad
Banner and pop-up ads earn revenue based on click-through rate
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

23. Securing E-Commerce Transactions
Password security used to prevent unauthorized access
A secure connection encrypts the data transmitted between a computer and a site
Technologies that create secure connections include:
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
TLS (Transport Layer Security)
S-HTTP (secure HTTP)
Encryption: science of coding data
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

24. Figure G-18: Identifying a secure connection
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

25. Securing E-Commerce Transactions (continued)
Ways to pay for online purchases:
Submitting credit card number directly
Using a third-party payment service, such as PayPal
Person-to-person payment
Electronic wallets
One-time-use credit card numbers
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

26. Enhancing Web Technology
HTML script: a series of program instructions
Allow Web pages to be interactive
HTML form: used to collect user input for different types of Web sites
Scripts can run on a client or a server
Server-side script: scripting statements that run on a server
Client-side script: scripting statements that run on user’s local computer
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

27. Figure G-20: HTML form
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

28. Enhancing Web Technology (continued)
Java applet: an application written in the Java programming language
Java applets are fairly safe
ActiveX control: a compiled program that can be referenced from within an HTML document, downloaded, installed, and executed
ActiveX controls include digital certificates to increase their security
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

29. Talking Points: Regulating the Web
Internet hosts a significant amount of provocative and disturbing material
“Netizens”: members of the online community of the Internet
Censorship advocates
Free-speech supporters
Cybercensorship
In many countries, free speech is not a basic right conferred to all citizens
“Great Firewall of China”
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition

30. Summary This chapter introduced:
Technologies that bring the Web to user’s computer screen
Tools that user’s use to view and navigate Web pages
E-commerce
Technologies that enhance user’s Web experience
Issues regarding censorship on the Web
Computer Concepts – Illustrated 8th Edition