1. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Tsai J, O’Connell M, Kasprow WJ, Rosenheck RA. Factors related to rapidity of housing placement in Housing and Urban Development-Department of Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing program of 1990s. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2011;48(7):755–62. DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2010.09.0178 Factors related to rapidity of housing placement in Housing and Urban Development- Department of Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing program of 1990s Jack Tsai, PhD; Maria O’Connell, PhD; Wesley J. Kasprow, PhD, MPH; Robert A. Rosenheck, MD

2. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Tsai J, O’Connell M, Kasprow WJ, Rosenheck RA. Factors related to rapidity of housing placement in Housing and Urban Development-Department of Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing program of 1990s. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2011;48(7):755–62. DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2010.09.0178 Purpose – Assess how rapidly homeless veterans were housed in early years of Housing and Urban Development- Department of Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) and how long they stayed in program. – Examine influence of mental health, substance abuse, work/income, criminal history, and site on process times. Relevance – Supported housing programs target rapid exit from homelessness and prolonged program participation, yet few studies have examined actual data.

3. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Tsai J, O’Connell M, Kasprow WJ, Rosenheck RA. Factors related to rapidity of housing placement in Housing and Urban Development-Department of Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing program of 1990s. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2011;48(7):755–62. DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2010.09.0178 Methods Combined national data on HUD-VASH participants (1992−2003) with multisite HUD-VASH clinical trial data and observational data from program’s early years. Examined time from− – Intake in community to HUD-VASH referral. – Referral to signed treatment contract. – Signed contract to voucher receipt. – Voucher receipt to housing. Conducted multiple regressions to identify baseline mental health, substance abuse, work, and criminal history as predictors of process times.

4. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Tsai J, O’Connell M, Kasprow WJ, Rosenheck RA. Factors related to rapidity of housing placement in Housing and Urban Development-Department of Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing program of 1990s. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2011;48(7):755–62. DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2010.09.0178 Results Client characteristics did not determine HUD- VASH process times. Large between-site differences in process times. – Curvilinear relationship: Relatively younger and older programs processed clients slightly faster than programs in middle. HUD-VASH case managers with good therapeutic alliances with clients had clients who stayed in program longer.

5. This article and any supplementary material should be cited as follows: Tsai J, O’Connell M, Kasprow WJ, Rosenheck RA. Factors related to rapidity of housing placement in Housing and Urban Development-Department of Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing program of 1990s. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2011;48(7):755–62. DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2010.09.0178 Conclusions Although entry into HUD-VASH housing during 1990s appeared slow, clients’ mental health, substance abuse, work/income, and criminal history were not rate-determining factors. Good client-case manager relationship critical to sustained program participation. Further research needed on coordination of housing and residential treatment referrals.