1. AP Human Geography The Final Chapter!
Chapter 14: Resources
AP Human Geography
The Final Chapter!

2. Why are resources being depleted?
Industrial and Economic Development
Animate power is supplied by humans and animals
Since the Industrial Revolution there has been a tremendous increase in inanimate power which is generated by machines
Three fossil fuels—oil, natural gas and coal, provide 5/6ths of the world’s energy

4. The changing role of energy and technology
In some LDC’s, biomass fuel—wood, plant material and animal waste—is still the major source of fuel
Fossil fuels are examples of nonrenewable energy
Remaining supplies are proven reserves and potential reserves
The worlds proven reserves of natural gas will last for about 60 years, still less than petroleum reserves and much less than coal reserves

5. Distribution of Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels are unevenly distributed around the globe
China extracts 40% of the world’s total
The US extracts 20% of the world’s total
Australia, India, Russia, and South Africa all have major reserves

6. OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Have 60% of the world’s oil reserves
Russia and US each account for ¼ of the world natural gas production
A few LDC’s in Africa, Asia and Latin America have extensive reserves of one or more fossil fuels, but most have little
MDC’s currently consume about 3/4ths of the world’s energy.
Developing LDC’s are beginning to consume more

8. Nuclear Power Nuclear power is becoming an increasing energy source
Supplies about 1/6th of the world’s electricity
The world’s leading generators of nuclear power are: the US, France, and Japan
Problems associated with nuclear power include: potential accidents, radioactive waste, generation of plutonium, a limited uranium supply, geographic distribution and cost.

10. Why are resources being depleted?
Air, water, and land remove and disperse waste, but pollution will occur when more waste is added than a resource can accommodate
Air pollution is a concentration of trace substances at a greater level than occurs in the average air
The burning of fossil fuels generate most air pollution

11. The Greenhouse Effect
Air pollution may contribute to the greenhouse effect
This is when carbon dioxide traps some of the radiation emitted by Earth’s surface
The ozone layer of the Earth’s atmosphere absorbs dangerous ultraviolet (UV) rays from the Sun, but is threatened by pollutants called chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s)

13. Acid Rain
Pollution in the atmosphere may return to the Earth’s surface as acid precipitation, which damages lakes and agricultural land in regions of heavy industrial development
Urban air pollution consists of: carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and particulates
This is a serious problem in urban areas such as Denver, Salt Lake City and Santiago, Chile, where the mountains help to trap the gases and produce a temperature inversion

15. You can check for various pollution levels by using Google Earth
You can check for various pollution levels by using Google Earth. Track the air level in Maryland, or if you’re going away to college, that area. Check for levels of carbon dioxide, lead, nitrogen oxides etc. This is a new tool provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Google Earth.

16. Water Pollution
Most water pollution is generated by water-using industries, municipal sewage, and agriculture
Polluted water can harm aquatic plants and animals
It can also cause waterborne diseases such as: cholera, typhoid and dysentery, especially in LDC’s that suffer from poor sanitation and untreated water

18. Land Pollution
Paper products constitute the larges percentage of solid waste in the US
Most of this waste is disposed in sanitary landfills
The number of landfills in the US has declined by 3/4th since 1990
There are now a smaller number of regional landfills
Incineration reduces the bulk of trash by about ¾, but burning leads to toxins in the air.

19. Disposal of Hazardous Waste
The disposal of hazardous waste is especially difficult
Hazardous waste sites such as Love Canal near Niagara Falls, NY have leaked and caused health problems

21. Renewable Resources
The leading renewable resources are biomass and hydroelectric power
Geothermal and wind power are also becoming important
Wood and plants are important forms of biomass that are renewable resources if they are carefully harvested

22. Hydroelectric Power
This is the second most important source of energy after coal, supplying about 1/4teh of the world’s demand
The biggest drawback with hydroelectric power is that is often generated by the building of dams that can cause serious environmental damage

24. Solar Energy
Solar energy is free and ubiquitous, and thus potentially the most important renewable resource
It can be harnessed either through passive or active means
Passive solar energy systems capture solar energy without any special devices
Active solar energy systems collect solar energy and convert it to heat or electricity

26. Recycling
Is the separation, collection, processing, and reuse of unwanted material
Recycling has increased in the US from 7% of all solid waste in 1970, to about 32% in 2005
Recycled products are picked up, processed, and manufactured into marketable products

28. Why Can Resources be Conserved?
According to the United Nations; Sustainable development is “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
Preservation: the maintenance of resources in their present condition
Conservation: sustainable use and management of natural resources

29. Biodiversity
Closely related to sustainable diversity is biodiversity, which refers to the variety of plant and animal species across Earth’s surface
When biodiversity is protected, sustainable development is promoted
More than ½ of the Earth’s species are located in tropical rainforests
The main cause of high rates of species extinction is rapid deforestation

31. The Future???

32. The End (Sort of)

33. Sustainable Tourism
minimizes negative economic, environmental, and social impacts
generates greater economic benefits for local people and enhances the well-being of host communities, improves working conditions and access to the industry
involves local people in decisions that affect their lives and life chances
makes positive contributions to the conservation of natural and cultural heritage, to the maintenance of the world’s diversity

35. Sustainable Tourism
Sustainable tourism is attempting to make as low an impact on the environment and local culture as possible, while helping to generate future employment for local people.
The aim of sustainable tourism is to ensure that development brings a positive experience for local people, tourism companies and the tourists themselves

36. Examples See two video clips
What Is NOT a good example of sustainable tourism?
Caribbean Cruises! They bring all of their food with them, and most companies they contract with in ports are run by ex-pats or other foreign companies (many are run by British citizens)
In order to be sustainable they should buy food from wherever they pull into port, and use only local people for tours

37. What Is NOT a good example of sustainable tourism?
Caribbean Cruises! They bring all of their food with them, and most companies they contract with in ports are run by ex-pats or other foreign companies (many are run by British citizens)
In order to be sustainable they should buy food from wherever they pull into port, and use only local people for tours

38. Your Task
In groups of NO MORE than 4 people: you and your group are the owners of a tour company based in the local area (your choice: DC, Baltimore or Annapolis). Create a tourist package that defines AND FOLLOWS sustainable tourism. Create a print advertisement. Be prepared to sell your tour to your classmates.